THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 



69 



and the marketing sharper, the meth- 

 ods so developed that the ideal product 

 will call out the remark: "That is 

 worth 15c " instead of the exclama- 

 tion: "That is fine honey," and the 

 journals begin to call each other " es- 

 teemed contemporary" and conven- 

 tions grow into clan and faction con- 

 claves, we will probably not speak 

 and write of one another as friend 

 this and friend that. Then will come 

 the specious courtesy, " my respected 

 sir." 



The Wood-Zinc Queen Ex- 

 cluder.— How to Con- 

 struct and use it. 



BY DR. G . L . TINKER. 

 (Concluded from April Number.) 



There is oue other use of the queen 

 excluder that has not been referred to 

 by any other writer. In all hives 

 with a large brood-chamber after the 

 main harvest from white clover and 

 basswood there will be usually a large 

 amount of honey in the brood-nest, 

 much more, if economically used, than 

 is necessary for winter. Beginning 

 about the last of July all queens lay 

 more freely and generally start a sec- 

 ond lot of drone brood. As the honey 

 in these large brood-chambers is stored 

 close to the brood and is readily avail- 

 able a large amount of brood will be 

 reared whether there is a prospect for 

 a fall flow or not. The bees reared 

 will be old for winter and if there is a 

 failure iu the fall crop, as there is in 

 most localities in the Northern States, 

 there will be no trouble about gettiug 

 rid of any surplus in the brood-cham- 

 ber not required for winter. Finally, 

 on the first of October, when the brood 

 is hatched out, there will be no more 



bees than in hives with a smaller 

 brood-chamber. 



My belief is that thirty pounds of 

 honey is not too much for winter and 

 spring, and if it is more than that so 

 much the better if a good part of it is 

 fall honey. 



Now, in the use of the two-story 

 hive of brood-chambers, no larger than 

 is recommended, it has been found 

 that one story is large enough for all 

 the necessities of breeding after the 

 first of June even in localities where 

 a fall surplus is usually obtained. By 

 the new system of management advis- 

 ed, with the use of the queen-exclud- 

 er, the lower story will came out at 

 the close of harvest with little or no 

 honey. The sections being removed 

 the upper story is set down on the 

 queen-excluder and there left, unless 

 there is a prospect of a fall surplus, 

 'til October, when the excluder is to 

 be removed and the two stories 

 brought together for winter. Should 

 a fall flow occur sections may be put 

 on as before advised, or the upper 

 story may be extracted as prefered. 

 The result of this management, where 

 the excluder is left between the stories 

 after the harvest, is, that the honey 

 that is sealed up in the upper story 

 will not be used in brood-rearing and 

 so wasted as where the same amount 

 of honey is left in one large brood- 

 chamber. Thus the chances are ten 

 to one that the two-story hive has not 

 only as many bees, but more honey on 

 the first of October. 



I have witnessed this result so many 

 times that there can be no doubt that 

 the use of the excluder results in the 

 most economical use of any stores 

 that may be left to the bees after the 



