No. 4.] FRUIT GROWING. 165 



reaches but a foot or two. Then we have the cyclone or 

 Riley nozzle, which covers a distance of three or more feet. 

 The Vermorel nozzle will throw from four to six feet. It is 

 to be noticed that, as the distance increases, the spray neces- 

 sarily grows coarser. The Nixon nozzle reaches some six or 

 eight feet, and the adjustable somewhat farther. The two 

 latter require a strong force-pump for their working. It fol- 

 lows that the finest spray and the greatest distance are quite 

 incompatible with each other. To overcome in a measure 

 this objection, the nozzles have been attached to the end 

 of a stretch of hose and supported by a long handle. 



During the past season I used a force-pump fastened to a 

 barrel, transported on a stone boat. I attached an adjusta- 

 ble nozzle to a piece of hose twenty feet long, and supported 

 it by means of a light handle twelve feet long. The nozzle 

 was so placed as to be at an angle of forty-five degrees 

 from the handle, so that it should be easy to cover any and 

 every point. After sundry breakdowns, and delays in con- 

 sequence and various amendments, some of them requiring 

 the assistance of skilled workmen, it was made to do fair 

 service, but never worked to my satisfaction. It required 

 three men : one to manage the spray, one to drive the pump 

 and one to handle the horse. It might be supposed that the 

 last mentioned could be dispensed with, but I found that he 

 was the most important man of the three. It was his duty 

 to keep the apparatus in such motion as to allow every part 

 of the tree to be wetted, and yet move along fast enough so 

 that no part was drenched or over-supplied. My position 

 as an outside observer showed me that, with all of their com- 

 bined skill, the spray was quite unevenly applied. Parts of 

 trees were flooded and other portions left dry. Superficial 

 observation was pleased with the apparent rapidity and 

 amount of work done, but careful examination showed that 

 the quality was by no means such as would best bring about 

 the end sought. In using the Bordeaux mixture the arrange- 

 ment for keeping the solid matters in suspension was not 

 efficient for the purpose, so that the greater part of the 

 material was left upon the first trees sprayed, and that 

 remaining in the barrel was all the time growing weaker. 

 Paris green, which is a heavier sediment than that going to 



