No. 4.] COUNTRY ROADS —APPENDIX. 



263 



APPENDIX TO LECTURE ON COUNTRY ROADS. 



Prepared by thk Author, J. B. OLCOTT. 



* Illustrations are needed for anuinber of points in the fore- 

 going essay (and discussion), wherein the strictures upon 

 modern and bogus engineering will apply only, let us hope, 

 to the past. Roughness of execution may be excused in 

 images which are not intended for models, but merely to 

 suggest ideas that ought not to be unfamiliar to any citizen. 



To show progress, history is useful, and the inexpert 

 reader may need to see some old forms of road making, 

 designed to keep local labor busy, we may think. 



Those banks of earth were to be crowned with hedges, 

 and the scheme for a road was a survival from the fortifica- 

 tions of walled cities, applied to the highway borders of 

 English farms. With laws made and provided, it is no new 

 thing for engineers to contrive plans for wringing money 

 and property from those who have such, for the benefit of 

 those who have neither. 



The following more elaborate plan, from Gillespie, 

 " Roads and Railroads," 1858, taken, probably, from some 

 older book, — shows growth in grace, but the acute reader 

 will see about nine troublesome angles on each side that are 

 unnecessary. 



These are relics of the abolished, feudal -ages. Let us 



* Seventeen of these illustrations were shown to the convention in large cartoons. 



