No. 4.] COUNTRY EO ADS —APPENDIX. 



279 



The tines of a select manure-hook can be cut off and 

 sharpened so as to fairly represent the four-tined imple- 

 ment, — minus the knob-hilt. A road maker needs a grip 

 for his tools as much as a soldier does. 



The five-tined hook is larger than a potato-hook, and in 

 these declining, or let us hope, gaining days of home 

 industry, can best be got by bending the five tines of a long- 

 handled manure-fork, — if we can find a smith who can 

 spring-temper the tines again. 



A one-horse scraper is introduced here that is undoubtedly 

 the keenest grading implement in the world for moving mel- 

 low earth short distances.* 





Stone or gravel road of the best possible quality will wear 

 and wear out by constant friction, especially on hill-roads, 

 where water greatly aggravates the picking of horse-shoes 

 in toe-paths, and the tendency of wheels and heedless 

 drivers to make ruts. Every good stone man should hold 

 to the idea of having hill-roads shod and anchored across 

 them, with hard-stone curbing, in an angular form, to act as 

 water bars also, set fast just beneath the surface of the flush 

 broken stone or gravel. These curbs may be put in ten to 

 thirty feet apart, as may be necessary, and will be as useful 

 on hill-roads as the steel toe of a horse-shoe is injurious, — 

 producing the happy balance we are all seeking. 



* Tbanks to Geo. W. Taft of Kennett Square, Pa. 



