240 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. [Jan. 



leaves a thin film over the plants, which is fatal to fungus 

 spores that may fall upon it. Suitable spraying apparatus 

 is of the first importance to success in the use of fungicides, 

 especially a nozzle which shall allow the escape of only the 

 finest spray. The ordinary spraying nozzles used with hose 

 or with small hand pumps are utterly unsuited to this pur- 

 pose. The best form is, perhaps, that known as the Vermorel 

 nozzle, which is furnished with many pieces of apparatus, or 

 may be purchased separately. This nozzle gives a very fine 

 and steady spray, which may be instantly cut off, and is the 

 best suited for the Bordeaux mixture, since it has an attach- 

 ment for promptly freeing it of clogging particles. Another 

 excellent nozzle for the other fungicides described, which 

 are clear solutions, is the Nixon nozzle. 



For supplying the necessary pressure to drive the liquid 

 through the nozzle in the form of spray, some form of force 

 pump is necessary. The form chosen must depend on the 

 amount of work to be done and the character of the plants 

 to be treated. We may distinguish three general types. 

 The knapsack type is suitable for almost any small job, the 

 importance of which does not justify the purchase of a more 

 expensive apparatus, and is especially adapted to use upon 

 low-growing plants cultivated in hills or rows. These ma- 

 chines have a tank holding a few gallons with a pump worked 

 by a lever with one hand, while the other hand directs the 

 nozzle, the apparatus being strapped upon the back of the 

 operator. The hand-cart type of pump consists of a large 

 reservoir, representing the body of the cart, connected with 

 a force pump, and the whole mounted on two or three wheels 

 with a handle for pulling or pushing. The horse-cart type 

 of machine includes a larger reservoir and more powerful 

 pump, capable of throwing several streams, mounted on 

 wheels, to be drawn through the field or orchard by horse- 

 power. 



For information concerning the details and prices of the 

 numerous spraying machines on the market, the reader is 

 referred to the catalogues, which will be sent on application, 

 of the Nixon Nozzle and Machine Company, Dayton, O. 

 The Goulds Manufacturing Company, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 

 Albinson & Co., 2026 Fourteenth Street, Washington, D. C. 



