No. 4.] DAIKYING. 49 



to and from market. If we believe Governor Hoard's teach- 

 ings on " the dairy temperament of cows," we shall be ready 

 to ascribe very great importance to the last-mentioned factor 

 in the matter. I am not giving a recipe for raising calves, 

 but only indicating a course that has been successfully fol- 

 lowed. 



In leaving this part of my subject, I must call your atten- 

 tion to the fact that calves being raised in this way are in an 

 artificial condition, and must have the best of care and closest 

 attention. To succeed in this, as in any other business, one 

 must have a taste for it. If a man can get no pleasure from his 

 work, he will not be likely to make a marked success ; while, 

 if he loves his work, the study, care and attention he will 

 bestow upon it will insure success. This is as true in the 

 care of the dairy herd as in the rearing of calves, and suc- 

 cess in feeding the dairy cow is often quite as much dependent 

 on the care and watchfulness of the interested owner as upon 

 the system pursued. To keep a herd economically is a most 

 important part of successful dairying. Economy is not par- 

 simony, but judicious expenditure ; and a liberal but judicious 

 system of feeding must be followed, if financial success is to 

 be attained. Most Massachusetts dairymen follow the busi- 

 ness because the cows furnish a home market for much of the 

 produce of the farm. I believe that many dairymen neglect 

 the opportunities that the farm afibrds for the production of 

 cow feed. A fairly balanced ration must be fed, to insure a 

 satisfactory yield of milk ; and it is easier to bring the nec- 

 essary materials from the feed store than to grow them upon 

 the farm. All that can be grown economically should be 

 thus provided. Good pasture feed is the cheapest and best 

 supply, in its season, if it can be always abundant. But 

 this is impossible on the hill farms of Massachusetts, and 

 arrangements should be made to supplement the pasture feed 

 at any and all times when the supply is lacking in the least 

 degree. The cow must always have sufficient food, without 

 excessive labor in securing it ; but, to make the most of our 

 pastures, the feed must be cropped when fresh and succulent, 

 and they must be stocked with a sufficient number of animals 

 to keep the feed closely cropped all over them. Our hill 

 pastures have many spots where the feed is not the sweetest ; 



