No. 4.] SPRAYING OF CROPS FOR PROFIT. 



269 



Machine Pumps. — For the varied work of the average 

 New England farmer or horticulturist, these pumps cannot 

 be used as economically as the barrel pump ; but where 

 large areas of potatoes, vineyards and young orchards are 

 to be sprayed, their use may be made profitable. The same 

 may be said to a greater degree of the steam sprayers. 



Nozzles. — Much of the success in spraying depends upon 

 the kind of nozzle that is used. Fig. 6 illustrates the Ver- 

 morel nozzle, and fig. 7 the Bordeaux nozzle, both of which 

 throw the liquid out in a very fine spray. In using these 

 nozzles all coarse particles of 

 lime or other substances must 

 be strained out of the liquid. 



Insecticides. 



Insecticides or insect de- 

 stroyers may be divided into 

 two groups, i.e., (1) those 

 for killing chewing insects, 

 like the potato beetle and its 

 larvae, the larvae of the canker 

 worm, etc., and (2) those for 

 killing sucking insects, like 

 the aphides (plant lice), the 

 pear psylla, the black squash 

 bug, etc. 



In the first group are Paris 

 green, London purple, arse- 

 nate of lead and hellebore. 



Paris Green. — This is the 

 most generally known and one of the most efiective insec- 

 ticides. It is used in a solution of one pound to one hun- 

 dred and fifty gallons of water, or in a dry powdered form 

 with bellows or guns, and in the latter form it must be applied 

 when the foliage is more or less wet with dew or rain. If 

 used too abundantly, and the weather following is very wet, 

 serious injury often follows. Numerous substitutes for this 

 insecticide have been offered in the market under various 

 names, but none of them have proved of sufficient value to 

 be recommended. 



Fig. 4. 



