No. 4. J HINTS FOR DAIRYMEN. 283 



Dairy Cattle need Pure Air. — I have been in stables 

 where in winter weather the air was so warm that a coat 

 was supertliious. The cows were standing huddled together 

 in stalls so low that my head bumped the joists above. 

 The mangers were tightly closed in front, and there were 

 only a few feet between the cows' tails and the side of 

 the building. I computed the air space in one of these 

 stables, and found only 240 cubic feet per cow. If a cow 

 requires only four times as much as a person, this is equiva- 

 lent to shutting a person in a room 6 feet long, 2 feet wide 

 and 5 feet high. One must not only sleep in such a room, 

 but spend the entire winter there, eating, drinking and 

 never leaving it. To complete the comparison, we must 

 add to such confinement the drain to the system due to 

 maternal functions, which are very severe in the good dairy 

 cow. Is it any wonder that cows kept in this condition arc 

 alarmingly subject to tuberculosis ? Is it any Avonder that 

 the trouble has rapidly increased ? The wonder is that we 

 have gotten off so easily for so transgressing nature's laws. 

 The remedy for this evil lies in rational stable management. 

 We must give our cows more fresh air and sunlight. We 

 must clean up the filth, disinfect the old stables, provide 

 proper ventilation and put windows into dark stables. 



The State has learned a lesson from the wholesale slaugh- 

 ter of tuberculous cattle, but there is still need of a carefully 

 planned system of inspection which aims at the improve- 

 ment of stables and seeks to make the conditions in which 

 cattle are kept favorable to overcoming the encroachments 

 of disease. 



Three things are necessary for a healthy stable : — 



1. Cleanliness (filth is the harbor of disease). 



2. Pure air (foul air is a menace to health). 



3. Sunshine (the best germicide). 



Care of Milk 



One of the most important points in successful dairying 

 is neatness and care in the handling of milk. During my 

 study of the creameries in the State I have been struck by 

 the degree of interest which individuals are manifesting in 

 the crusade against slovenliness in the care of milk. The 



