No. 4.] THE ELM-LEAF BEETLE. 299 



beetle flies iuto the tree, hence these bands are valueless 

 against this insect. 



Cotton Bands. — The considerations mentioned above 

 apply to cotton bands. 



Sulphur Plugs. — Nothing better illustrates the credulity 

 of mankind than that sons of Belial still find victims who are 

 willing to pay for the plugging of trees with sulphur to ward 

 off insect damage. It is needless to say that this treatment 

 is a swindle pure and simple, and that money spent for this 

 purpose is but charity given to unworthy objects. 



Kerosene. — Valuable elms are frequently killed by the 

 use of pure kerosene on the trunks as a means of destroying 

 the pupae. The oil accumulates at the base of the tree, and, 

 where used in quantities, kills the roots. By substituting 

 kerosene emulsion for kerosene all danger will be avoided. 



Street Sweepings. — The sweeping up and carting away 

 of the masses of pupae and larvae along with the other rub- 

 bish of the streets is not an uncommon sight in infested 

 cities. Li a case observed by the writer in July, 1898, 

 quarts of the pupae were carefully swept up in a public 

 square and carted to the city dump. In all such cases the 

 sweepings should be burned, or treated with crude petroleum 

 or kerosene emulsion. 



General Considerations. 

 Outbreaks of the elm-leaf beetle are best dealt with by 

 municipalities through the city forester, the park or the 

 street department. When feeding upon park and street 

 trees, the pest attacks the common property of the citizens, 

 and all may properly share in the expense of combating it. 

 With suitable apparatus and insecticides, and competent men 

 to make use of them, the elm-leaf beetle can be kept under 

 control and the infested trees preserved from serious injury. 

 The general plan adopted by the city of Springfield is a most 

 excellent one. Liberal appropriations are made by the city, 

 to be expended under the direction of the city forester, a 

 man of exceptional fitness for the place. Two power and a 

 number of smaller hand spraying outfits have been provided, 

 also a large stock of ingredients for making arsenate of lead. 

 A suitable force of men is engaged, and spraying operations 



