EFFECT OF AIR ON CREAM. 41 



there is more butter in milk after it has stood thirty-six hours, 

 and very good butter, too. 



Mr. Flint. Do you know about the temperature at which 

 it was set? 



Mr. Ellsworth. A very favorable temperature, sixty-two 

 or sixty-five degrees. I would not be understood that it was 

 very hot weather, or very cool. 



Mr. Lawton. What effect does a current of air have 

 upon the rising of cream ? 



Mr. Arnold. It would not affect the rising of cream 

 materially, but it would affect the quality of the cream. A 

 current of air will in a very short time produce a curd. It 

 will ripen the germs which lie on the top of the cream so that 

 you will very soon see little specks form, little centres, where 

 some germ that ripens ahead of the rest will float, and it will 

 bring the other germs into that condition, just as one apple 

 rotting in a barrel will make half a dozen others rot around it. 



Question. Would it not make the cream rise quicker? 



Mr. Arnold. I do not know that it has any effect in that 

 way. 



Question. What makes cream rise so much quicker in 

 good clear weather than in damp, what we call "sultry" 

 weather, — or doesn't it? 



Mr. Arnold. I do not know that it is so. 



Mr. Law t ton. I know that it does. I know that it 

 rises in a current of clear air quicker, and I get a thicker coat 

 of cream than in damp, muggy weather. I have noticed it 

 for forty years. Give me a good clear day, none of your 

 east winds, or south winds, for good thick cream. I cannot 

 say what the quality will be; because I never tested that, but 

 I know I get a good deal more cream. That I have tried, 

 time after time. 



Mr. Arnold. It is possible there may be some influence 

 of that kind. In "muggy weather," as you term it, the 

 germs in milk ripen very much faster than they do in clear, 

 cool weather, and they may ripen so much faster as to thicken 

 the consistency of the milk a little sooner, and prevent the 

 cream from coming up. That is possible. 



Question. Might it not be that the cows were in better 

 condition ? 



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