THE PKOPAGATION OF VINES. 31 



vineyard, which may arise either from the failure of 

 the planted cutting, or from some old grapevine being 

 seriously injured by storms, or other casualties. Such 

 " layers " must, after the first year, be half cut off from 

 the parent vine, and after the second, entirely, or else 

 they would injure the old vine. Those that are intended 

 for transplanting, after they shall have formed roots, 

 must be cut off the same season they are planted in the 

 fall. I refer to the wood cut, Fig. 3, which I trust will 

 convey the proper meaning. 



Grafting and inoculating grapevines is done under 

 the same rules as grafting and inoculating fruit trees 

 generally. The graft should, however, always be in- 

 serted a few inches under the gTound into the stem. 

 I doubt whether either grafting or budding is to be 

 recommended, as a general rule, to raise a vineyard. 



The safest and most advantageous propagation and 

 multiplication of vines, in planting a vineyard, is 

 through cuttings. They are easier obtained, and are 

 least expensive. I am free to say, that I prefer cut- 

 tings to grape roots, even at the same price, and for 

 the following reasons : They remain in that spot, where 

 they were first j^lanted, and there at once permanently 

 form their roots. These first virgin roots, especially at 

 the foot, can never again be supplied by any second 

 growth. And again, grape roots are always, when 

 planted for sale, set out in the very richest ground, 



