52 THE VINE-DEESSER S MANUAL. 



This cut, Fig. 14, represents several modes of train- 

 ing upon trellises. As thej are all reducible to tlie 

 Bame general principles of trimming, the particular 

 shape is unimportant. 



a Eepresents the top cross piece sixteen feet long and 

 five feet above the ground. 



h Eepresents cross piece of same length and two feet 

 above ground. 



A vineyard thus staked out, with the method of 

 trimming adopted in these pages, I regard as decidedly 

 the best. It may be the most expensive at first, but 

 it must eventually be adopted generally in the United 

 States, because it will suit more localities than any 

 other. 



The easiest way to put vineyard stakes into the 

 ground is to have a good sound, tough piece of oak 

 wood, as described in a former chapter for putting in 

 cuttings, say four feet long, three inches through at 

 the upper end, tapering toward the lower end, and 

 supplied "with a heavy iron socket about eighteen 

 inches long. With this holes are punched into the 

 ground, at the proper places, about eighteen inches 

 deep for the long, heavy stakes, and about ten to 

 twelve inches for the shorter and lighter ones, and into 

 these holes the stakes are inserted, having been pre- 

 viously sharpened. Through this method few or no 

 Tfoots are injured. Charring the ends of the stakes is 



