CHAPTER XII. 

 ARTICHOKES. 



The Globe or Bur Artichoke. Cynara Scolymus. 



French, artichaut; German, artischoke ; Dutch, arisjok; 

 Danish, artiskok; Italian, articiocca, carciofo; Spanish, 

 alcachofa; Portuguese, alcachofra. 



Edible part, portions of young flower buds. 



The Jerusalem Artichoke. Ilelianthus tuberosus. 



French, topinambour ; German, erdapf el ; Flemish, aard- 

 peer; Danish, jordskokken ; Italian, girasole del Canada; 

 Spanish, namara; Portuguese, topinambor. 



Edible part, the tuber. 



San Francisco has the reputation of being the city of 

 the United States best supplied with the delicious young 

 over these several inches of fresh wood ashes. Water 

 flower buds of the globe artichoke. Although this is true, 

 it is also a fact that the plant is not used to even a small 

 fraction of its possibility in California. It is perfectly 

 hardy in our valley climates, in fact, it makes its chief 

 growth in the winter and yields its crop from March on- 

 ward, thus completely reversing its Eastern and north 

 European record, where it starts growth in the. spring 

 from roots which have been covered out of reach of freez- 

 ing all winter. For this reason it is not necessary to. lift 

 plants and carry them under cover nor to pluck bud- 

 stems and advance them to edibility away from the freez- 

 ing as may be necessary in wintry climates. In fact, in 

 places of little frost the plant forgets to become dormant, 

 or takes a very short rest, and the vegetable is to be found 

 in the San Francisco and Los Angeles markets nearly all 

 the year. The plant is, therefore, of especial value in Cali- 



