KALES AND COLLARDS. 235 



derful variety of form and foliage, and a record divided 

 between use and ornament. There is a host of varieties, 

 some of which are grown for the tender shoots : others for 

 the foliage. The edible sorts are very little grown in 

 California: those used for garnishment are frequently 

 seen. The two varieties most known are the Tall Green 

 Curled or Scotch and the Dwarf Curled or German Greens. 

 The plants are very hardy and are winter-grown. 



TALL GROWING COLLARDS. 



The Jersey Kale or Tree Cabbage is quite widely dis- 

 tributed and has won high favor as food for cows and 

 poultry. It is perennial in the coast regions of the central 

 and southern parts of the State, and endures defoliating 

 very well. It is less thrifty in the interior heat and 

 drought. 



The Oregon Kale is an old European collard, sometimes 

 called Thousand Headed Cabbage. It belongs to the same 

 class as Jersey Kale, but has thinner stems and is, there- 

 fore, more easily handled with mowing or corn-cutting 

 machinery. It was introduced in the Willamette Valley, 

 Oregon, more than a third of a century ago, but only re- 

 cently has its value been recognized as a winter feed for 

 stock and largely grown. It endures local freezing and is 

 hauled from the fields as needed for feeding. The plants 

 are grown in field drills and transplanted in May to the 

 land to be covered with it, the plants being set in every 

 third furrow as the field is plowed and covered in with 

 the next furrow, the ground being afterwards rolled to 

 compact the dirt around the roots. Planting with a ma- 

 chine on land previously plowed and harrowed is also 

 practiced. Kale may also be grown in the way already 

 described for field growth of cabbage except that the 

 plants should be given rather more room. In California 

 the plant is likely to be of value for stock feeding by fall 

 planting and winter growth as well as by summer growth 

 to stand for winter use as in Oregon. In fact, winter 

 growth for summer feeding may also be practicable in 



