KALE AND CABBAGE FOR STOCK 171 



nial in the coast regions of the central and southern parts of the 

 state, and endures defoliating very well. It is less thrifty in the 

 interior heat and drought. 



The Oregon Kale is an old European collard, sometimes called 

 Thousand Headed Cabbage. It belongs to the same class as Jersey 

 Kale, but has thinner stems and is, therefore, more easily handled 

 with mowing or corn-cutting machinery. It was introduced in the 

 Willamette valley, Oregon, more than a third of a century ago, but 

 only recently has its value been recognized as a winter feed for 

 stock and largely grown. It endures local freezing and is hauled 

 from the fields as needed for feeding. The plants are grown in 

 field drills and transplanted in May to the land to be covered with 

 it, the plants being set in every third furrow as the field is plowed 

 and covered in with the next furrow, the ground being afterwards 

 rolled to compact the dirt around the roots. Planting with a ma- 

 chine on land previously plowed and harrowed is also practiced. 

 Kale may also be grown in the way already described for field 

 growth of cabbage except that the plants should be given rather 

 more room. In California the plant is likely to be of value for stock 

 feeding by fall planting and winter growth as well as by summer 

 growth to stand for winter use as in Oregon. In fact, winter growth 

 for summer feeding may also be practicable in California, especially 

 near the coast. As with other members of the cabbage family, dairy 

 cows should be fed kale just after milking to avoid risk of tainting 

 the milk. 



Marrow kale or cabbage resembles the foregoing when young, 

 but afterwards the stalk enlarges until several inches in diameter. 

 The pith or marrow often cracks open. It has attracted some atten- 

 tion in the northern coast district for cow feeding. 



