10 



LIVING AND LIFELESS MATTER 



organs termed cilia and takes in as food still more minute 

 bacteria with the constant current entering the mouth. If it is 

 transferred to a sterile medium it gets little or no food and the 

 protoplasm begins to waste away. The first effect of this un- 

 compensated waste is the appearance of spaces or vacuoles, 

 and after some time in this skeleton-like condition the organism 



1 





FIG. 2. FIG. 3. 



FIG. 2. Effect of starvation in Paramecium caudahim. Photographs (same 

 magnification) of normal and starved individuals. 



FIG. 3. Effects of starvation in Dtteptus gigas. Photographs (same magnifi- 

 cation) of preparations of normal individual and individuals starved ten and 

 twenty-one days respectively. All sister cells. 



dies (Fig. 2). In other cases the effect may be shown by a 

 constantly diminishing size; Fig. 3 represents a normal speci- 

 men of the protozoon Dileptus gigas and a sister organism 

 starved for ten and twenty-one days. 



What happens in these small living things finds a rough anal- 

 ogy in a coal fire. The coal, made up of carbon and inorganic 

 matter is rapidly oxidized and energy in the form of light and 



.- 



