INDEX 



247 



Nusbaum, experiments with amoeba, 



48 e 



Nutrition of hydra, 88 

 Nutritive muscle cells of hydra, 86 

 Nuttall and Buchner, 193 



Obelia, colony of hydroids, 96 

 Obligatory parasites, 189 

 Oesophagus of the earthworm, 136 

 Old age, 67 



Olfactory organs of the lobster, 176 

 Ommatidia, compound eye units of 



the lobster, 177 

 Ontogeny, 15 

 Open and closed blood circulation, 



Opsonins, 193 



Organisms, of one cell, 26, 43; of 



tissues, 74 



Organs and organ systems, 128 

 Organs of relation, 151 

 Origin of variations, 227 

 Ostia, 171 



Otoliths of the lobster, 176 

 Oxidation in metabolism, 1 1 



Palaeontology, subject matter, 3 

 Palisade mesophyll of the fern, 115 

 Paramecium aurelia, so-called im- 

 mortality, 69; parthenogenesis, 70 

 Paramecium caudatum, 58-64; con- 

 jugation, 70; depression, 62; divi- 

 sion, 63; effects of starvation, 9; 

 nutrition, 61 

 Parasitism, 186 

 Parenchyma cells of fern, 1 1 1 

 Parker G.'H., 176 



Parker and Haswell, 172, 177, 180 

 Parthenogenesis, in paramecium, 70; 



method of reproduction, 15 

 Passive immunity, 194 

 Pasteur, yeast studies, 32 

 Pasteur's fluid, 32 

 Pathology, subject matter, 3 

 Peas, heredity of one pair of char- 

 acters, 215; of two pairs of char- 

 acters, 219 



Pepsin, digestive ferment, 36 

 Perpetuation of variations, 198 

 Phagocytosis, in hydra, 89; in man, 



192 



Photosynthesis in the fern, 117 

 Phyla, in classification, 79; of ani- 

 mals enumerated, 159 

 Physical and physiological combus- 

 tion, ii 



Physiological adaptation, 186 

 Physiological and physical combus- 

 tion, ii 



Physiological balance of cells, 43 

 Physiology, subject matter, i; of 

 bacteria, 39; of fern, 1 16; of hydra, 

 88; of pleurococcus, 106; of the 

 digestive system, 136 

 Pinnae of the fern, 114 

 Pinnules of the fern, 114 

 Plants constructive, animals destruc- 

 tive, 66; the food of animals, 101 

 Pleodorina, colony differentiation, 



76 



Pleurobranchs, 171 

 Pleurococcus pluviatilis, 103-106 

 Podobranchs, 171 

 Polar bodies, 208 



Polymorphism in coelenterata, 96 

 Potential of evolution, 232 

 Potential of vitality and old age, 68 

 Primary germ layers in develop- 

 ment, 78 



Proctodaeum, 136, 157 

 Proglottids of tape- worm, 187 

 Properties of protoplasm, 7 

 Proteins, classification of, 8 

 Protenor, sex chromosome, 222 

 Proterospongia, spheroidal colony, 75 

 Prothallium of the fern, 123 

 Protohydra, 80 

 Protonema of fern, 121 

 Protophyta, unicellular plants, 28 

 Protoplasm, chemical composition, 

 7; definition, 6; theories of struc- 

 ture, 17 



Protoplasmic movement, 20 

 Protopodites of lobster appendages, 



164 



Protozoa, unicellular animals, 28 

 Pseudopodia of amoeba, 46 

 Pseudo-reduction, in maturation, 



209; significance, 213 

 Pteris acquilina, the brake, 108; 

 structures and functions, 109-126 

 Ptyalin, digestive ferment, 36 

 Purkinje, protoplasm, 6 



Radial symmetry, in hydra, 80; in 



echinodermata, 81 

 Recessive characters in heredity, 216 

 Rectum of the earthworm, ^141 

 Redi, spontaneous generation, 67 

 Reduction division in maturation, 



207 



Reduction in chromosomes, 209 

 Regeneration in hydra, 92 



