Wind disturbance. — In the temperatures of the water as here given, there 

 are some examples of the effect of the wind in displacing the warmer water on 

 the surface. After the surface water has warmed up with the progress of the 

 season, this is more noticeable; as strong off-shore winds may drive the warmer 

 surface water into the offing, and allow the cold under-water to come to the 

 surface and replace it. Similar conditions may explain the belt of colder water 

 which not infrequently occurs along the shore, which appears to be due to the 

 off-shore direction of the prevailing winds. The amount of disturbance due to 

 a given amount of wind, it may thus be possible to estimate from the water 

 temperatures. This is fully discussed in ''Effect of the Wind on Currents 

 and Tidal Streams;" Trans. Royal Society of Canada, Section III, 1909. 



In the case of constant currents, it appears that these can be altered in 

 position by the wind more readily than they can be checked in velocity, even on 

 the surface, by contrary winds. When such a current is of low density, as the 

 Gasp6 current, the amount of disturbance can be ascertained from the position 

 of the water of low density. 



Conditions in relation to fisheries. — The chief points in this connection, 

 are the temperature of the water as it affects the spawn of fish and its hatching; 

 and the dilution of sea water by fresh water, represented by its density, which 

 affects some types of marine life. The consideration of these points will show 

 the depth to which it is necessary to carry observations of temperature and 

 density in this connection. 



The spawn of most fish of commercial importance floats on the surface. 

 It is thus directly related to the surface temperature. As to the effect of cold 

 water on hatching, it is generally held by the authorities, that it provides more 

 favourable conditions for the healthy larval development of marine fishes. 



The chief bottom spawn is herring, and it does not probably extend beyond 

 a depth of 10 or 20 fathoms. Investigations of the water to a depth of 20 fathoms 

 might therefore be sufficient as there is rarely bottom spawn beyond this limit. 

 The depth of 30 fathoms to which these observations of temperature and density 

 were ordinarily taken, should thus be ample from this standpoint; as well as 

 for the fresh water influence in ordinary bays and estuaries, which would have 

 any appreciable effect upon shellfish or other marine life. 



Explanation 



Stations. — The Stations at which anchorages were made were designated 

 by the letters of the alphabet in each season. Off southern and eastern New- 

 foundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the alphabetical letters have been 

 reduced to three sets to avoid confusion. In the Gulf region, there is a set for 

 Belle Isle strait and another for the Gasp6 region, with a continuation to the 

 end of the alphabet for Northumberland strait. These are widely separated, 

 and the letters so far as repeated, will not be confused with each other. In the 

 intermediate parts of the Gulf region, Roman numerals are used for distinction. 

 In the Bay of Fundy, letters from the beginning of the alphabet are again used 

 to designate the Stations. 



Temperatures. — These are all given in degrees Fahrenheit. 



Densities. — The values given for the density of the water are its actual 

 specific gravity, reduced to the standard temperature of 60° Fahrenheit. 



Depths. — The depths are in fathoms of 6 feet. 



Distances. — All distances in miles are in nautical miles of 6,080 feet. 



Directions. — ^All directions are bearings from true north, measured in 

 degrees, in a right-handed direction, from 0° to 360°. When any magnetic 

 bearings are given as well, they are always so indicated. 



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