THE NATIVE INDIANS. 349 



ants remain, and their blood has generally mingled with that 

 of their conquerors. 



THE NATIVE INDIANS. 



The tribes over whom they ruled are still to be found, 

 though in diminished numbers, and debased by the cruel 

 system of oppression under which they long groaned. The 

 native inhabitants of the central region of the Andes are 

 known as the Quichuas, and their chief characteristics are 

 common to the greater number of the tribes along the whole 

 extent of the range. Though the languages of the different 

 tribes vary, they are probably derived from the same som'ce. 

 The head of the Quichua is an oblong longitudinal, somewhat 

 compressed at the sides. He has a low and very slightly arched 

 forehead ; a prominent, long, aquiline nose, with large nostrils. 

 The mouth is large, and the teeth very fine, while the lips 

 are not thick; the chin is short, but not receding; cheek-bones 

 not prominent, eyes horizontal and never large, eyebrows long, 

 the hair jet-black — and, though thick, straight and coarse, yet 

 soft. He has little or no beard. In stature they seldom reach 

 five feet. The chest is long, broad, deep, and highly arched. 

 The hands and feet are small. The colour is between olive, 

 brown, and bronze, — somewhat like that of the mulatto. 

 Though their chests are broad, and their shoulders square, 

 their arms are weak — their chief strength existing; in their 

 backs and legs. Mild, generous, and submissive, they have 

 existed when a fiercer race would have been exterminated ; 

 but, on several occasions, they have shown that they can be 

 goaded into revolt. About the year 1770, under Tupac 

 Amaru, they broke into rebellion, when, had they possessed 

 better arms and more discipline, they might, with the courage 



