INSECT PESTS OF OHIO SHADE AND FOREST TREES 205 



Reasonable care should be taken in the application of oily 

 sprays of any kind and the miscible oils are no exception. Exces- 

 sive quantities should not be used, particularly to the extent of 

 saturating the soil about the roots of the plant. Occasionally injury 

 follows such proceeding. With even the most cursory care in their 

 use, however, little danger of injury is likely to follow the applica- 

 tion of these materials. 



In using the miscible oils, special hose should be secured which 

 is guaranteed oilproof, since otherwise it will quickly deteriorate. 

 If possible, leather rather than rubber plunger packing or plunger 

 cups should be used in the pump. 



BANDING AND BANDING MATERIALS 



Banding as a method of insect control unquestionably possesses 

 much merit when properly executed, but the banding done in the 

 average Ohio city or village more frequently results harmfully than 

 beneficially. Banding finds its greatest field of usefulness in sup- 

 plementing other measures. It is used extensively in New England 

 in gipsy moth control work and in Ohio would be of value in supple- 

 menting spraying in tussock moth operations. It should be remem- 

 bered, however, that it is not effective against all shade and forest 

 insects but only against those which as larvae or adults use the 

 trunk of the tree as a highway. It is a process that requires 

 unflagging attention that the bands be kept in working condition 

 during the period they are needed. 



The great weakness of the banding method of protecting trees 

 from their enemies is that too much confidence is placed in the pro- 

 cess and too little attention is given the bands after they are in 

 place. Thousands of trees are banded each summer in Ohio, the 

 owners having the impression that the mere presence of the band 

 will keep away all the pests. Moreover, the band may be given no 

 attention, whatever, to keep it in good working order. In either 

 event, other and perhaps better control measures are not applied 

 and the trees suffer accordingly. 



To summarize the foregoing, therefore, it may be stated that 

 the abuse and not the use of bands in shade and forest insect con- 

 trol is to be avoided. 



The following are some of the more important banding ma- 

 terials. 



TEEE TANGLEFOOT 



This material is a commercial preparation possessing much the 

 same consistency as the material with which the common tangle- 



