bloods and the mixed bloods were at war, and though there 

 were no scalps adorning aboriginal belts, there was a notice- 

 able lack of the peace pipe and two rival celebrations were 

 conducted, one at the trading post and the other at the White 

 Earth by the mixed bloods. The latter had secured control 

 of the committee on arrangements, and the pure bloods, de- 

 prived of representation, withdrew and revelled by them- 

 selves. The differences betwen the two factions are essen- 

 tially political, the pure bloods supporting the administration 

 under Major John Howard as agent and the mixed bloods op- 

 posing those who handle Indian affairs. Major Howard/ per- 

 sonally is acceptable to the mixed bloods but they do not like 

 the methods used in Washington. His diplomacy in the ad- 

 ministration of the reservation affairs has done much to 

 lessen the bitter feeling. 



The opening day of the celebration, marred to some extent 

 by the factional split was nevertheless attended by the full 

 quota of reds on the reservation, White Earth with its tents 

 and tepees taking on the appearance of an old Indian village. 

 Stalwart chieftians, portly squaws and even papooses strapped 

 to the shoulders of their mothers gathered in the village to 

 celebrate the red men's Fourth of July. 



Parade a Feature of Celebration. 



A federal salute started off the celebration after which 

 was the parade. It was led by the Indian school band with 

 the mounted chiefs next in line and a wagon load of squaws 

 gave a vocal exhibition of discord that would give a tuning 

 fork St. Vitus' dance. After the mixed bloods had finished 

 their parade, the other faction marched down from the trad- 

 ing post, in an effort to outdo their family enemies. The 

 pure bloods went through a war dance at the school build- 

 ing, coming down there to attract the crowd to its headquar- 

 ters. Led by their chief, Kahgondaush, they danced for an 

 hour while the musical talent of the tribe thumped a dirge 

 on a drum, and the whole assemblage of celebrants kept up a 

 continuous yelling, denotive of joy but suggestive of carnage. 



There was not a pigment known to man that did not appear 

 somewhere or other on the faces of the Indians. Their ap- 



