advice on political organization and management, sanitary 

 living and agriculture and business. 



Then bega'n the real celebration. Around the United States 

 flag pole instead of the funeral pyre as in an early day, the 

 reds gathered their numbers and indulged in an orgy of ap- 

 parent barbarism that lasted for several hours. Dancing in 

 their crouching posture, throwing their heads back spasmod- 

 ically and 'emitting shrill cries, the reds gave the aboriginal 

 interpretation of the modern glides and tangos that vividly 

 impressed the spectators. 



War Dances the Climax. 



The second day of the celebration, June 16, was again 

 given over to the war dances as the climax of a peace meet- 

 ing with the Sioux contingent. Forty years ago the Sioux and 

 Chippewas signed the first treaty of peace that was ever ob- 

 served and the event was commemorated at the reservation 

 by a ratification meeting to renew pledges of peace. The 

 peace pipe was smoked to the limit while the squaws who 

 could not stand the smoke, just chewed plug tobacco to keep 

 busy. Speeches were made by the respective chiefs in which 

 they sung the valor and glory of their fathers who had been 

 called by the Great Spirit, and the adulations, liberal to the 

 extreme, were also directed towards some of the leaders who 

 still survive. Chief Red Blanket was the principal orator and 

 was followed by Naz-hay-kay-we-gah-bow. 



Later in the day a bowery dance was held in which the 

 whites were invited by the squaws to participate. A pale-face 

 was favored with such an opportunity if a squaw would pre- 

 sent him with a trinket of beads of other design and the 

 white either danced or bought her off with a return gift. The 

 council fire and dance concluded the formal celebration in 

 the evening, but there was more or less of festivities during 

 the remainder of the week. 



The affair was witnessed by hundreds of white people who 

 came by automobiles from Detroit, Mahnomen and other points. 

 A group of university forestry students, encamped at Itasca, 

 hiked 60 miles to White Earth to attend the celebration, re- 

 maining there in their tents until its close. 



10 



