in disorder. In spite of this Mr. Pin- 

 chot presented facts and figures showing 

 the monopolization of waterpower and 

 of power sites, and the figures were al- 

 lowed to pass without a shadow of con- 

 test. Despite the tactics of the opposi- 

 tion the final votes were three to one in 

 favor of the "national idea." Being un- 

 able to contest the fact of growing pow- 

 er monopoly, and not daring to advo- 

 cate the desirability of monopoly, the 

 opposition had to content itself with ora- 

 tions on "States' Rights." 



He then showed how the doctrine of 

 "States' Rights" is as old as the nation 

 itself, and traced its development, start- 

 ing with the difficulties between the 

 colonies and England, going through the 

 many local difficulties between the 

 states and parts of states over tariff, 

 funds for internal improvements, ex- 

 cise laws and natural resources; and 

 even up to the Civil War which was pri- 

 marily a "contest over property rights 

 as against a national idea." The present 

 situation finds the South and West loose- 

 ly combined against the rest of the na- 

 tion in favor of those measures which 

 will bring the greatest "immediate de- 

 velopment" to the regions which include 

 the water powers, the coal, the forests 

 and other natural resources. 



"The "States' Rights" people have a 

 case," he said, "but they pick poor cham- 

 pions to present it. As against such hon- 

 orable and competent men as Pinchot, 

 Fisher and Garfield it is useless to enter 

 the old type of politician, who tries to 

 make up with noise what he lacks in 

 information. This was particularly true 

 before such an intelligent and well in- 

 formed audience as that at the Con- 

 gress." 



He explained the "Western Spirit," a 

 very real and a very fine thing, which 

 causes every real Westener to believe 

 that the West is the very best place in 

 the world, and that part of the West 

 where he happens to be, the best part of 

 the "best part ;" makes him glad that he is 

 there, leads him to expect to make money 



by being there, and makes him anxious 

 that others shall make money by coming 

 there. 



He showed that the trouble lies in that 

 the resources of the West are not well 

 balanced for development, where there 

 is coal, there is no local population to 

 use the coal, and that in most cases it 

 takes great amounts of capital to "open 

 up" the resources, whether they be mines, 

 forests, irrigated lands or water powers. 

 That there are only a few places where 

 capital can be obtained for such work, 

 and that capital knows very well 

 how to take care of itself. When capi- 

 tal comes in and "opens up" a resource, 

 it is usually what we call "the interests" 

 who are most concerned. To protect 

 what they consider their rights, the "in- 

 terests" enlist the services of a certain 

 type of politician who then appears as 

 the mouthpiece of "big business." Be- 

 cause of the immediate "development" 

 which comes with the "big business" and 

 the power which such organizations usu- 

 ally acquire over transportation, publi- 

 city and commerce, and because of the 

 intense local patriotism of the West, 

 which refuses to believe that anything 

 undesirable can happen at home, the 

 citizens of the regions which have been 

 "opened up" very often take the inter- 

 ests of their local "big business" to be 

 their own interests, and will believe 

 nothing else for a time. Farther along 

 in the game it does not make much dif- 

 ference what the local people think, for 

 the monopoly becomes dominant in busi- 

 ness and in politics. 



"We must understand and sympathize 

 with the point of view of the Western- 

 er," said Love joy. "Those people are 

 entirely justified in wanting to see things 

 "opened up." The trouble is that the 

 kind of "opening up" which is first pos- 

 sible is not the kind of development 

 which is for the best permanent good 

 of the country as a whole. This is not 

 evident to the man with the water power 

 site. 



"We have just begun on a new deal 



