logging plans with approximate costs, 

 and general recommendations as to hold- 

 ing the property. The work cost for 

 the first two weeks, about six cents an 

 acre, and the control lines about four 

 cents, the average total cost being about 

 three and one-eighth cents an acre. 

 Throughout the talk, he showed a num- 

 ber of slides picturing the region where 

 the work was carried on. 



At the meeting of the Club, April 22nd, 

 W. F. Ramsdell, '12, gave a talk on 

 "Mining in the National Forests." He 

 explained that there is some form of 

 mining carried on upon practically every 

 national forest in the west, the amount 

 and form differing greatly with different 

 regions, it being very extensive in the 

 Black Hills region, and nearly lacking 

 in the Cascades. He showed the rela- 

 tion of this mining to the Forest Ser- 

 vice and the Forest Service officers, a 

 policy of co-operation being employed 

 as much as possible, as in the case of the 

 other industries of grazing and saw- 

 milling. In this connection, he showed 

 where this mining is fully as important 

 an industry as either of the other two, 

 and how there has been a great deal of 

 opposition to the national forests from 

 the miners as well as from the stock- 

 men. This opposition has arisen be- 

 cause of the belief on the part of the 

 prospectors and miners that the forests 

 would hinder or entirely stop prospect- 

 ing. He pointed out that the import- 

 ance of the industry to the forests lies 

 in three facts. In the first place, the 

 miners make up a large per cent of the 

 population ; secondly, forest officers are 

 called on to examine any mineral 



claims within the forests, and to answer 

 any questions; and thirdly, the mines 

 form an important local market for the 

 timber. He told of the board of offi- 

 cials which has been established to take 

 up grievances on the part of miners ; 

 and to show how well the co-operation 

 policy has worked out, he said that in 

 the first two years after the establish- 

 ment of the board but one case had 

 come before it. He next described the 

 class of men found among the miners, 

 and classified them as the "permanent" 

 or "real" miners, and the "transients." 

 "The typical miner is a good man," he 

 said, "one of the best sort of fellows 

 you might want to meet. He is great on 

 improvements and building, and is a good 

 fire-fighter, being always ready and will- 

 ing to help when called on." He gave 

 an outline of the mineral laws passed, 

 and showed how these laws have fur- 

 nished a cloak for land frauds even 

 more than any other laws which have 

 been passed pertinent to national for- 

 est land. He pointed out how the cre- 

 ation of national forests did not alter 

 a single mining law, and how they had 

 aided mining by keeping the prospector's 

 field big, by causing strict patents to de- 

 crease the "wild-catting," and by in- 

 suring a reasonable timber supply and 

 water rights. He also showed that there 

 has been a decrease in prospecting of 

 late. He concluded with a large num- 

 ber of slides, showing the different 

 methods of prospecting, pictures of 

 placering, hydraulicing, dredging and 

 milling, and illustrating different min- 

 ing terms which he explained. 



NEWS AND OTHERWISE. 



Laurence D. Kitchell, who is sent 

 around the country in the interests of 

 the Great Northern Railroad, gave a 

 very interesting travelogue on the "Gla- Physics Lecture Room in which it was 

 cier National Park and the Blackfeet given, was crowded to the doors. He ac- 



Indians," under the auspices of the Club, 

 on the evening of March 5th. The talk 

 was open to the public, and the West 



