camp. The cones can be collected much faster by this method 

 and as high as 10 bushels of white pine cones were collected 

 by this method in one day this fall. The only trouble with 

 this method is that it is sometimes hard to find camps run- 

 ning the latter part of September where there is a good seed 

 crop. This year the Norway cones were collected around 

 Kelliher and the white pine around the forest station and 

 in the logging camps of the Rainy Lake Lumber Co., near 

 Cusson, Minn. 



After the cones are collected they must be heated to get 

 the seed out of the cones. The cones of white pine open the 

 easiest of all the pines, and jack pine is the hardest, to 

 open. The temiperature at which cones open best is a high 

 temperature, up to 170 degrees; but this is too high to get 

 the best seed, temperature as high as this lowers the seed 

 vitality and kills a good deal of it outright. 



Very careful experiments were carried out at the Cloquet 

 forest station to determine the best temperature for the ex- 

 traction of seed compatible with the highest germination per 

 cent. This was found to be around 130 degrees. Lower tem- 

 peratures do not hurt the seed but the time and fuel used 

 was so much greater to get the seed out as to make the ex- 

 traction of seed at lower temperatures than 130 a very costly 

 one. 



Pine seed is very expensive ranging from $2.50 for white 

 pine seed to $8.00 per pound for Norway pine. 



After the seed has been cleaned it is stored for planting 

 time in cool, dry places. 



To bring about reforestation on barren areas, three methods 

 are used; the easiest and most expensive method and so far 

 as we have found the least successful one is to scatter the 

 seed broadcast on the ground. With birds and squirrels nu- 

 merous very little of the seed is left and what is left gen- 

 erally fails to reach the soil on account of the litter of leaves 

 and needles which cover the ground. To secure results it is 

 necessary to throw 6 to 7 pounds of seed on the ground. This 

 raises the cost to where it is prohibitive. 



The second method is to plant the seed with a hoe the 

 same as the old-fashioned method of planting corn and beans. 



