they will have a root system that will enable them to draw 

 water from quite a distance down in the ground. The third 

 year the trees are transplanted, this is in order to give the 

 roots a chance to spread out and grow, as with 20,000 trees 

 in a bed 12 feet by 4 feet there is not much space for root 

 development. The young trees when dug up out of the beds 

 to be transplanted are either wrapped in wet moss or placed 

 in tubs of water a couple of inches deep. This is the whole 

 keynote of success or failure with young pine trees; if the 

 young roots once become dry for only a minute the tree is 

 dead no matter what heroic means are taken to bring the 

 tree back to life. The tree may not show that it is dead for 

 weeks afterwards, but the cause will be in the roots becom- 

 ing dried out. This is 'the reason that so many people have 

 evergreens die on them after planting them. After the trees 

 are dug up and means taken to keep the roots moist they 

 are ,put out in rows about two inches from each other. The 

 rows are placed from 6 inches to a foot apart so that they 

 may be cultivated with a hand cultivator and the weeds kept 

 out. The trees are generally left in these transplant rows 

 for one year, by which time they have developed a fine root 

 system. The next year they are dug up as early in the spring 

 as the frost will permit and are planted out in the cut-over 

 and barren and burned areas. 



In this final planting the same thing holds true as in trans- 

 planting, the roots must be kept moist. This year at the 

 Cloquet forest station we planted out in the cut-over and 

 burned-over land 60,000 trees and over 99 per cent of them 

 are growing and flourishing. These were all carried in pails 

 with water in them while they were being planted. 



The trees are planted with a spade or mattock. We have 

 found the spade to be much the better tool. The corners 

 should be cut off and a hole made that is deep enough to 

 allow the tree to be planted as deeply as it was growing in 

 the transplant bed and not too small so as to crowd the roots, 

 yet not too large as to make it difficult to pack the dirt 

 around the roots. After a little practice this is soon found 

 out. 



This year we planted for over two weeks straight and with 



8 



