io Announcement of Botany and Forestry. 



tical physiologies of Sachs, Francis Darwin, MacDougal, 

 Detmer, and others. 



The subject-matter embraces: the application of physics 

 and chemistry to the activities of living beings as 

 manifested in imbibition, osmosis, diffusion, and respira- 

 tion; the various nutritive processes of plants, such as 

 their winning of food from the air and the earth, and 

 its changes and destination in the plant body; the man- 

 ner and means of the movement of gases and of solu- 

 tions in plants; the means of plant growth and the in- 

 fluence of external conditions on growth; the sensitive 

 reactions of plants to their environment, including their 

 behavior toward gravitation, light, moisture, chemicals, 

 gases, temperature, pressure, wounding, etc. 



The whole work of the course is intended not only to give 

 a general understanding of the facts and theories of plant 

 physiology, but also to serve as a foundation for profes- 

 sional work in physiology, pathology, and forestry. 



12. Systematic Botany. Studies of natural groups of the higher 

 plants with reference to relationship and classification. 

 Two hours. Dr. BURNS. 



In this course field work will be carried on for the purpose 

 of becoming acquainted with the ferns and flowering 

 plants of Ann Arbor, and occasional excursions will be 

 made to more distant places. Engler and Prantl, Natur- 

 liche Pflanzenfamilien ; Gray, Manual of Botany; Brit- 

 ton, Flora of the Northern United States ; and Sargent, 

 Silva of North America are among the most important 

 books used in this work. 



14. Study of the local flora with reference to relationship and 

 association of plant groups. Two or more hours. Profes- 

 sor SPALDING and Dr. BURNS. 



In this course, which is given in connection with a botanical 

 survey of the Huron Valley, excursions will be made and 

 special attention given to the various plant societies rep- 

 resented in the vicinity. Students who are qualified for 

 independent work will be given opportunity to study 

 thoroughly a limited area with reference to the occur- 

 rence and sequence of plant societies, the habits of their 



