the amount of equipment needed depends to quite an extent upon 

 the way the work is organized whether separate shop units are 

 established or whether the equipment is all placed in one shop. 



^NJany schools at present have Langdon or Stanley miter boxes, 

 Stanley number 45 universal planes and back saws. Farmers do 

 not have sufficient use for steel miter boxes and universal planes to 

 warrant purchasing them. A "home-made" miter box of wood is 

 quite ample. Back saws are used only very rarely by carpenters 

 and not at all by farmers. They should have no place in farm shop 

 equipment. They lead to wrong methods of work. The easiest 

 and quickest way to use a saw is at an angle of 45 degrees to the 

 surface to be cut. This is impossible with back saws on all material 

 a few inches in width. Similarly, bench hooks are not used 

 in practical carpentry and are not used by farmers. They too ought 

 to be done away with. Pupils are inclined to use them too much. 

 It is better to encourage their doing much of the work on saw- 

 hor>< - 



There is also a tendency to use block-planes for smoothing and 

 even for jointing lumber parallel to the grain. Block planes are 

 built with blades set at a low angle in order to facilitate end-grain 

 planing. They are not well suited for the former operations men- 

 tioned because of their small size. It is well to use smooth planes 

 -urfacing and jack planes or jointers for joining lumber. 



Quite frequently the use of try-squares is encouraged to the 

 exclusion of the framing square. The latter tool is worthy of great- 

 -*udy and use than it is at present receiving in the agricultural 

 schools of the state. 



Arrangement of Shop Equipment. Benches should be so ar- 

 ranged as to receive the best possible light the room affords. Light 

 -hould come from the left and back as pupils stand in position to 

 ] lane. The benches should be located also in such a way as to per- 

 mit easy passage about the shop. It is desirable to have a part of 

 the floor space free of benches so that larger objects may be as- 

 sembled or erected on the shop floor, or on saw horses. It is de- 

 ^irable to have eight feet of bench space for each vise. It is desir- 

 able but not necessary to have as many bench spaces as there are 

 pupils in the cla 



Several schemes are in r.se. each having advantages, for taking 

 of shop tools. If the tool equipment is of minimum size for 



