the pupils concerned, it may well be housed in a cabinet or two, or 

 if very small, the tools may be arranged on a wall board. In either 

 case each tool should have a definite place that may be easily recog- 

 nized. 



The schemes just mentioned have this disadvantage. At the 

 beginning and at the close of each shop period, there is likely to 

 be more or less congestion around the cabinet or tool board, and 

 some time is taken in getting and returning tools. In order to re- 

 duce t 1 :is to a minimum, it is often found advisable to have some in- 

 dividual equipment which may be kept on, in or under the benches. 

 It is easier to see that boys keep their tools sharp and less time is 

 wasted in getting and returning tools with individual equipment. 

 The amount of individual tool equipment that should be found in a 

 given school depends largely on the financial resources of the school. 

 Perhaps the minimum amount for the Pennsylvania schools may be 

 equitably set at one dollar per pupil. It need not exceed ten dol- 

 lars per pupil in any case. 



Method in Farm Shop Work 



The methods of instruction used by the supervisors of agricul- 

 ture in teaching farm shop work differ quite as much as do the aims 

 they gave for this work. (Figure 19). In one school the work was 

 entirely on an exercise basis. The majority combined work on an 

 exercise basis with work on the project basis. 



Manual training ideals and practices are plainly responsible for 

 the exercise method existing to some extent in the agricultural 

 schools. If teachers of farm shop work would draw upon their 

 practical farm experience for guidance they would not attempt to 

 teach joinery on an exercise basis to farm boys. But there seems 

 oftentimes to be a tendency for men with vocational experience, but 

 without much pedagogical training, to discount their practical 

 experience in favor of traditional practice obtaining in schools. A 

 graduate of an agricultural college who may have had a course in 

 joinery for three hours per week for one semester is thus likely to 

 promote the ideals and methods he came in contact with in this 

 short time rather than to use the methods that his practical farm 

 experience would dictate. 



Farm shop work that aims to develop socialized individuals 

 through vocational efficiency will need to keep in mind fundamental 



70 



