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'square yard annually 10 to 15 g. nitrogen, 5 g. phosphoric acid, and J.2 

 to 18 g. potash, and 40 g. lime. For heavy soil sulphate of 

 ammonia should be applied in autumn, after the leaves have dropped. 

 For light soil nitrate of soda in spring before the leaves appear. 

 At planting he recommends bonemeal and Thomas phosphate and 

 muriate of potash, but REJECTS STABLE DUNG AS QUITE UNSUITABLE AT 

 PLANTING. Lime he puts on in autumn, but not with other fertilisers 

 at same time. A tree of 20 in. circumference requires to be 

 manured on 25 square yards with say, 15 x 25 = 375 g. nitrogen in 3.75 

 Ib. of sulphate of ammonia of 20 per cent., or 5 Ib. nitrate of soda of 

 15 per cent.; 15 x 25 = 375 g. potash in 1J Ib. of muriate of 40 

 per cent.; 5 x 25 = 125 g. phosphoric acid in 1J Ib. of super- 

 phosphate or Thomas phosphate; 40 x 25=1,000 g. of lime in 2 

 Ib. of fresh lime, or 2.6 Ib. carbonate of lime. 



The cost would be about 6d. He plants in holes ten yards 

 wide with 400 g. nitrogen, or 8 Ib. blood manure, 200 g. phos- 

 phoric acid in 3 Ib. Thomas phosphate, 600 g. potash in 3 Ib. muriate 

 of potash, or 10 Ib. of kainit and 4 Ib. of lime. The annual 

 manuring, I presume, he will modify somewhat in accordance with 

 the before-mentioned requirements of the different fruit-trees, 



Authorities, however, do not agree at all, and this shows how 

 few experiments have been made extending over a number of years. 

 Mi. Grobben, a lecturer on fruit-trees, mixes the soil on planting 

 for each tree w r ith 20 to 40 Ib. of Thomas phosphate and some potash. 

 This, he thinks, will ensure fruitfulness for fifty years, and prefer- 

 able to manuring every year, and that you will never hear of the 

 die back disease. But Councillor of Economics Goethe, of Geisen- 

 heim, an undoubted authority, plants apple and pear trees into holes 

 2 ft. 6 in. deep, and mixes the soil with only 1 Ib. of kainit and 

 1 Ib. of Thomas phosphate, and these quantities have been used 

 with success by my son in Bugle Ranges for most of his young 

 trees. Goethe recommends that they cannot any longer dispense 

 with fertilisers, if they hope to obtain payable crops. 



After the first two years the quantity of manures to be given 



should be in accordance with the extent to which the roots of the 



young trees have spread around the stem. They generally extend 



to a greater circumference than the branches, and this stands to 



reason, as the roots are allowed free development, while young 



trees are cut with a view to shaping. In thin soil the roots spread 



farther out in search of plant food, less in strong soil. Pear-trees 



trend their roots more to a depth. If it is intended to plough 



between the rows it is advisable (and perhaps in any case) to cut t-he 



subsoil 6 in. further around in the hole underneath the surface 



soil, instead of sloping the soil downwards from the surface, as is 



seen almost everywhere. To know how much manure is required 



for larger trees we have to ascertain the number of square yards 



the crown has spread, and then to add one or more yards in 



circumference, as far as the roots may eventually extend. Director 



A. Wagner recommends to give per square yard : 1, animal liquid 



manure, in addition to phosphoric acid 'in quantities of 10 pints 



in spring and summer ; 2, sewage, with wood ash or potash. 



