16 



scorching. These varieties include: Beauty of Bath, Cox's 

 Orange Pippin, Duchess's Favourite, Gladstone, James Grieve, 

 Lady Sudeiy. On all of these a lime-sulphur spray only 

 should be used. Bordeaux Mixture is safe to use on all 

 varieties of pears and can be relied upon to prevent scab. 



Application of Mixtures. The dates at which the mixtures 

 should be applied are of considerable importance. In very 

 bad cases of apple scab two or even three applications are 

 necessary, the first immediately before flowering, the second 

 as soon as the petals fall, and the third about three weeks 

 later. As a rule, the first spraying may be omitted. 

 Where labour and time necessitate one spraying only, the 

 third should be omitted in preference to the second. On 

 pears the first spraying should be given directly the fruit 

 is set and a second spraying three weeks or a month after- 

 wards. It is particularly important with pears to spray the 

 under surfaces of the leaves as far as possible. 



The spraying should be carried out on a still day, and the 

 mixture applied through a fine nozzle with a strong pressure 

 and the leaves uniformly wetted with a very fine mist. 

 Spraying should cease before the leaves begin to drip. 



Preparation of Bordeaux Mixture. The best formula for 

 apple spraying in this country is: Copper sulphate, 4 lb., 

 best quicklime (in lump form), 4 lb., and water, 50 gallons. 

 The copper sulphate* should be dissolved in a small wooden 

 vessel at the rate of 1 gal. of water per 1 lb. of sulphate (iron, 

 or tin vessels must not be used). The limef should be slaked 

 to a fine paste with a little water in another vessel, and water 

 added gradually to make a milk, and finally diluted in a 

 large barrel to the requisite amount (46 gal.). The 4 gal. 

 oT copper sulphate may now be poured slowly into the diluted 

 milk of lime and the mixture stirred thoroughly during the 

 process. The two solutions may be kept separately for a 

 long time, but after mixing the solution should be used as 

 soon as possible at all events within 24 hours. 



Stock Solutions. When used on a large scale it may be con- 

 venient to make up stock solutions of each ingredient which 

 may be diluted down and mixed as required. For this purpose 

 50 lb. of copper sulphate may be dissolved in 50 gal. of water, 

 and 50 lb. of lime, slaked and diluted to 50 gal. of nvlk of 

 lime. Each gallon will then represent 1 lb. of copper sulphate 

 and 1 lb. of lime. When required for use, the barrels should 

 be thoroughly stirred and the requisite number of gallons 



* Growers are strongly advised to buy their own copper sulphate and 

 lime, and prepare their own mixture It is of great importance also 

 that only pure copper sulphate be used and a guarantee of 98 ppr cent, 

 purity should be obtained. 



t It should be remembered that fresh quicklime is essential for 

 making Bordeaux Mixture and that the air-slaked lime so often found 

 in builders' yards is useless for the purpose. 



