17 



taken out and diluted according to the above formula. For a 

 50-gallon barrel, for instance, 4 gal. of lime-milk should be 

 removed and diluted with 42 gal. of water and when thoroughly 

 stirred and strained the 4 gal. of copper solution may be 

 slowly added. 



Safety test for Bordeaux Mixture. If the copper sulphate 

 and quicklime have been accurately weighed out and properly 

 mixed there is no need to test the Bordeaux Mixture before 

 use. Should there, however, be any doubt on this point a 

 simple and reliable test is the use of a bright blade of a knife 

 which must not be greasy. The blade should be immersed 

 in the liquid for at least a minute; if at the end of this time 

 the blade remains unchanged in appearance the mixture may 

 safely be used, but if it assumes the yellow colour of copper 

 more lime must be added. 



" Excess Lime " Bordeaux. On account of the scorching 

 of the foliage and russeting of the fruit which is liable to 

 occur on some varieties with the " equal lime " Bordeaux 

 (4-4-50), an " excess lime " Bordeaux has been advocated 

 in Canada and the United States. " Excess lime " Bordeaux 

 is now being tested at the East Mailing Eesearch Station 

 and" preliminary trials with a mixture made at the rate of 

 4 IB. copper sulphate and 12 Ib. lime to 50 gallons of water 

 gave promising results.* The damage in the case of James 

 Grieve, Worcester and Allington, though not entirely elimi- 

 nated, was much reduced and the high fungicidal effect was 

 maintained. 



Lime-sulphur. This fungicide should always be used for 

 delicate varieties such as those already noted and it may 

 also be resorted to in cases where it is not convenient to 

 prepare Bordeaux Mixture. It is not so efficient as Bordeaux 

 but has the advantage over the latter in that the concentrated 

 wasH may be purchased ready-made in large or small drums 

 so that it is only necessary to dilute it to the proper strength. 

 Numerous brands of lime-sulphur of a guaranteed strength 

 of 1*3 sp. gr. are on the market and these are to be preferred 

 to those of which the strength is not guaranteed. 



For spraying against scab " summer-strength " lime- 

 sulphur, namely 1 gal. of concentrated solution mixed with 

 29 gal. of water, should be used. The lime-sulphur should 

 be poured slowly into the water, stirred well, and used at 

 once. Spraying machines with copper parts should not be used 

 for lime-sulphur spraying. It should be noted that Cox's 

 Orange Pippin and James Grieve are particularly sensitive, 

 and for these varieties, and also for Wellington and Newton 

 Wonder, half " summer-strength " is necessary, namely 1 gal. 

 to 59 gal. of water. 



* See N. H. Grubb. Tests of Fungicides on Apple Trees. Journal 

 of Pomology (Vol. II, pp. 93-104). February, 1921. 



