23 



distinct. In the case of " Blossom- Wilt " infection occurs 

 through the open flower while, in the disease here described, 

 infection takes place, so far as is known, only through the 

 fruit. Fig 3 shows the pustules of the Brown Eot fungus 

 occurring on a fruiting spur. 



The Disease on Stored Apples. The Brown Eot fungus 

 attacks apples not only while still growing on the tree, but 

 also after they are picked and stored. The fungus spreads 

 readily by means of spores and by direct contact in the store 

 room; it may cause serious losses. Through careless selection 

 and packing extensive decay may also occur in apples boxed 

 for sending to a distance. 



Under certain conditions stored apples affected by Monilia, 

 fructigen'a turn black, the skin remaining smooth or nearly 

 so for some time and bearing few or no pustules. Although 

 there is often no evidence on the exterior of such apples that 

 a fungus is present, the flesh is permeated by fungal threads, 

 and particles of the flesh, placed on suitable culture media, 

 give rise to the growth and pustules typical of Monilia 

 Jructigena. 



Measures of Control. 1. Removal of Mummies in Winter. 

 The best preventive measure is the removal and destruction 

 of all mummies during winter. The mummies should be 

 collected and either burned or deeply buried. 



2. Removal of Affected Fruit in Summer. In gardens and 

 small orchards it is possible to go over the trees at intervals 

 during the season and remove all fruit showing the slightest 

 signs of Brown Rot. In large orchards such a course 

 is not always practicable, but every effort should be made to 

 remove diseased fruit as early as possible. It migKt be removed 

 at the time of picking, the diseased apples being gathered and 

 either destroyed at once or dropped on the ground, where they 

 are less dangerous than if left hanging on the tree. 



3. Cutting out of Cankers and Infected Spurs. All infected 

 spurs, together with cankers on the stem, should be cut out. 

 This operation is best performed in summer when the dead 

 or dying spurs are conspicuous, but it may be carried out in 

 winter provided it is completed before the fungus resumes 

 its growth in spring. 



4. Picking nnd Handling. Brown Rot will set in wherever 

 there is a wound. The greatest care therefore should be taken 

 not to injure or bruise the fruit, especially during the picking 

 and packing. 



5. Precautions as to Storage. When fruit is to be stored 

 all fruit showing signs of Brown Rot should be discarded, for 

 the disease will not only continue to develop in the affected 

 individuals, but will spread to others. These precautions 

 should be regarded even more scrupulously when apples are 

 boxed for transmission to a distance. 



