50 ON THE ANATOMY OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. 



The tonsils are rather large and deep depressions. In the bottom are 



seen the openings of many conspicuous and rather large solitary glands. 



P. Z. S. 1879, The length of each tonsil is about 2 inches. Between the tonsils the 



p. 424. roo k o thg tongue is narrowed to about an inch, so that the fauces 



become extremely small. Between the two posterior pillars a few thin 



wrinkled folds of mucous membrane run across in front of the epiglottis, 



forming the "plica palato-epiglottlca " of Mojsisovics*. The epiglottis 



is short, thick, and evenly rounded. I failed to detect any " pharyngeal 



pouch," such as that described by Dr. Watson t, or even to recognize the 



"leicht zu iibersehende, seichte Grube," which Dr. Mojsisovics (L c. 



p. 60) found as its sole representative in the animal he examined. In 



other respects my observations on the pharynx closely agree with the 



descriptions and figure (1. c. Taf. v. fig. 1) of the last-named naturalist, 



as also with the description of the pharynx by Messrs. Miall and 



Greenwood in the Indian species (I. c. p. 52). The former, however, 



does not apparently recognize the subdivision of his " inner " pharyngeal 



sac (1. c. Taf. v. fig. 1, I) into two by a vertical fold of mucous membrane, 



which runs from the transverse fold in front backwards to a level with 



the hinder part of the larynx, and there, after getting deeper, terminates, 



sending off a fold to the laryngeal mass on one side and to the palato- 



pharyngeus on the other. Such an arrangement is clearly described by 



Messrs. Miall and Greenwood (L c. p. 52) in their subject; but they 



mention only a single gland in each of the inner chambers, whereas I 



find that there are several glands on the outer -walls only of each of the 



two innermost chambers of each side. The external chamber on each 



side is free from glands, as noticed by Dr. Mojsisovics (I. c. p. 62). 



The relations of the various parts of the hyoid arches to each other, 

 and to the muscles in connexion with them, exactly agree with those 

 that obtain in the Indian species, as first pointed out by Prof. GarrodJ. 

 Between the digastric and the stylo-pharyngeus pass the vessels sup- 

 plying the thyroid glands. 



Salivary Glands. The parotid gland is large ; Stenson's duct opens 

 in the cheek in the usual position. 



The submaxillary gland is small and oval ; it measured 2 inches long 

 by | inch deep and J inch thick. Wharton's duct, 8 inches long, opens 

 on each side on a single linear papilla beneath the tongue on the frcenum 

 linguce, about 3 inches from the tip. 



The sublingual is 5 inches long, 1 inch wide, and J inch thick. It 

 opens by many ducts beneath the tongue. 



* L.c. p. 62, Taf. v. fig. l,pe. 

 t Journ. Anat. Phys. viii. 1873, p. 91. 

 } P. Z. S. 1875, p. 365, and figure. 



& This was unfortunately damaged in removing the brain ; consequently I can give 

 no details. 



