ON THE ANATOMY OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. 55 



from drawings by Prof. Grarrod (who was the first to point this out to 

 me), of the liver of Elephas indicus , the suspensory ligament runs not in, 

 but a little to the right of, the large notch which has been taken for the 

 umbilical fissure by most authors, and is there connected, as usual, by a 

 thin membranous expansion with the round ligament. In this species 

 there is no umbilical notch visible*. 



In Eleplias africanus (figs. 3 and 5, p. 53), the suspensory ligament 

 lies still further to the right of the large notch, and there is a conspicuous 

 umbilical notch (about 2\ inches deep), visible on both surfaces of the 

 liver. 



From a comparison of the two livers it becomes clear that in both 

 species the liver consists of three lobes, a right lobe (slightly divided in 

 both species), a left central lobe (extremely small in E. indicus, but p. z. s. 1879, 

 clearly marked off in E. africanus), and a left lateral lobe, of large size in P- ^29. 

 both species. In E. indicus, as may be seen from the figures, the right 

 margin of the liver is slightly notched, apparently marking out the distinc- 

 tion of right central and lateral lobes : in E. africanus, however, there are 

 two such notches, both very shallow and superficial. In both species 

 there is a large area behind the transverse fissure on the under surface of 

 the liver bare of peritoneal covering (indicated by the portion within the 

 dotted lines in figs. 4 and 5). The angulated line of attachment of the 

 suspensory ligament in this species will also be noticed (fig. 3). 



The liver in my specimen weighed 13 Ib. 5 oz. : its greatest length 

 transversely was 20^ inches, the greatest breadth (from behind forwards) 

 16 inches. In Perrault's example it measured 3 j ft. x 2 ft. His figure 

 (pi. 20) is not at all like my specimen ; nor is Mayer's drawing (I. c. 

 pi. v. fig. 1 which, by the way, clearly shows the above-described rela- 

 tions of the suspensory ligament to the large median notch) of that of 

 E. indicus very satisfactory. 



As in the Indian species, there is no gall-bladder ; but the hepatic duct 

 has its epithelium reticulated at the lower end, and is very spacious, 

 measuring 9 inches long by 1 broad. 



The pancreas is a lobulated, elongated gland, 17 inches long. It 

 opens by a single, wide and short duct (one inch long) into the hepatic 

 duct at the junction of the latter with the wall of the duodenum, through 

 which the common duct is continued for 3| inches. The common duct 

 is provided with distinct circular valve-like folds, exactly as shown by 

 Camper (conf. also Dr. Mojsisovics's figure, I. c. Taf. vi.), and opens on a 

 slightly raised nipple-like projection on the sides of the duodenum ; its 



* In a liver of E. indicus in tLo Eoyal College of Surgeons (810 F) there is visible, 

 at the place where the round ligament is lost in the substance of the liver, a narrow 

 fissure, which runs obliquely for some way towards the margin, but does not reach it ; 

 so that there is no notch Conned. 



