56 ON THE ANATOMY OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. 



aperture is about | inch broad. Like Perrault and Dr. Mojsisovics, I 

 saw nothing of any secondary pancreatic duct opening into the intestine 

 separately from the hepato-pancreatic one, such as has been described 

 by many naturalists (conf. Mojsisovics, 1. c. pp. 72, 75) in E indicus. 



Spleen. This viscus was of a very long irregular oval, with the attached 

 margin nearly straight, the other somewhat irregular. It measured 23| 

 inches by 5^- across * : it was flattened and thin, and of a slaty-grey 

 colour. 



Thyroid Gland. This consists of two circular cake-like lobes of con- 

 siderable consistency, united by a short isthmus. Each lobe measures 

 about 4| inches in diameter. 



Heart. The ventricles were not separated at the apex by any deep 

 groove, such as is noticed by Mayer (I. c. p. 44) and Messrs. Miall and 

 Greenwood (I. c. p. 68) in E. indicus. This separation of the ventricles 

 is probably an individual feature, as neither Hunter (' Observations/ ii. 

 p. 172) nor Vulpian and Philipeaux (as quoted by Miall and Greenwood, 

 I. s. c.) observed it. The fossa ovalis was very deep, admitting the first 

 two joints of the index finger. Hunter also (I. c.) found the remains of 

 the foramen ovale distinct. The ductus arteriosus was of the size of a 



P. Z. S. 1879, <l un l P en ' an( ^ aDout one i nc h l n g> Dut quite impermeable. The aorta 

 p. 430. gives off an innominate artery, which is only an inch long and then 

 divides into right brachial and right and left carotids. The left brachial 

 is given off immediately after the innominate. This agrees with the 

 descriptions of E. indicus as given by Hunter, Owen, Vulpian and Phili- 

 peaux, Watson, and Miall and Greenwood. On the other hand, Cuvier 

 and Mayer found three trunks, namely two brachials and a common 

 carotid. I found no " arteria thyroidea inferior simplex " coming off from 

 the point of division of the two carotids, such as is figured by Mayer 

 (I. c. pi. 11. fig. 3) and Watson (Journ. Anat. & Phys. vi. pi. vi. fig. 1). 

 The weight of the heart and great vessels, cut short and cleaned of blood, 

 was 7 lb. There was no os cordis ; and the same was the case in 

 Perrault's specimen ; nor is any such bone recorded in E. indicus by 

 recent anatomists. 



Respiratory System. The lungs were very simple in form, each lung 

 being undivided and bluntly triangular in general outline, the Jett being 

 shorter and broader. In the undistended state they measured as 

 follows : Eight lung 23 inches long by 12 broad, left 21 inches by 14. 

 I found no accessory lobe on the right side, such as has been observed 

 by some anatomists in E. indicus. There is no extra bronchus. 



The trachea is short, measuring about a foot in length, and not quite 

 two inches in external diameter. It is composed of 28 rings, which are 

 nearly complete, leaving hardly any space behind between their ends. 



* Perrault gives 3 feet by 7 inches. 



