58 ON THE ANATOMY OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. 



P. Z. S. 1879, blunt. The true vocal cords are well-marked and thick elastic folds, 2| 

 p. 431. inches long. The false vocal cords hardly exist. Between the two is a 

 slight laryngeal pouch, which extends backwards a little way, as in the 

 Indian Elephant (Miall and Greenwood, 1. c. p. 76). The muscles of the 

 larynx closely agree with those described by the last-named anatomists. 

 The superior fibres of the crico-arytcenoideus posticus run transversely 

 across in the interval left above by the more inferior, diverging fibres of 

 that muscle. 



Urino-genital System. The kidneys lie in the usual position. Their 

 shape is an irregular oval. The following details refer to the single 

 kidney (right) which I preserved for further examination. The length 

 is 10 inches, the breadth about 6. The hilus is not marginal, but lies 

 about 1 inch from the side ; its length is 4| inches. The weight of the 

 kidney is 3 Ib. The kidney is indistinctly divided into eight lobes, 

 which are of varying size and shape ; one lobe is scarcely visible on the 

 hilar surface. These lobes are essentially distinct, each consisting of a 

 cortical and medullary part, not, however, very clearly marked off from 

 each other. The Malpighian corpuscles are clearly visible. Perrault's 

 figure of the kidney (I. c. pi. 20) is too elongated and shows no lobes. 

 The number of lobes in the kidney of E. indicus has been variously stated 

 at from two to eight or nine. The suprarenal bodies resemble those of 

 the Indian species. 



The ureters open into the bladder by semilunar slits about 2 inches 

 from its orifice. The neck of the bladder is short and thick. 



The female organs are formed on precisely the same type as those of 

 the Indian species*, consisting of a long urino-genital passage (" the 

 common vagina, which is common to the urine and penis " of Hunter), 

 P. Z. S. 1879 a secondary vagina (" the proper, or rather uncommon, vagina, which 

 p. 432. the penis cannot enter "), a corpus uteri, with two horns, and Fallopian 

 tubes and ovaries. The ovaries lie in pouches of peritoneum, attached 

 by peritoneal folds to the kidneys : the one I examined resembled in 

 form those figured by Mayer in the Indian species. It was a little over 

 an inch long, and generally smooth, with only a few small lobular pro- 

 cesses and erupted Grraafian follicles near the line of attachment to the 

 peritoneal pouch. The latter is continuous with the opening of the 

 Fallopian tube, and is of considerable size : its walls are thickened by 

 muscular fibres, prolonged into it apparently from the Fallopian tubes. 

 The tubes are of small calibre, of the size of a crow-quill, about 3 or 4 

 inches long, and, after a tortuous course, open into the cornua uteri at 

 the side of that tube, as well shown in Mayer's figure (1. c. pi. vi. fig. 2). 



The two cornua are about \ inch across at their commencement, and 



* Cf. Hunter, ' Observations,' &c. ii. p. 175 ; Mayer, /. c. p. 37, t, vi. ; Owen, Anat. 

 Vert. iii. p. 692; Miall and Greenwood, I. c. p. 62, pi. iv. 



