134 ON THE STOMACH IN TANAGEKS. 



less thickened, and provided with a central tendon on each side (vide 



fig. i). 



P. Z. S. 1880, As was first pointed out by Lund, half a century ago, a singular 



exception to this rule obtains in the Tanagers of the genus Euplwnia *. 



From his description (quoted below) and figures, it is quite evident 



that Lund considered that there was, in these birds, an intermediate 



zone devoid of glands or muscles, between the proventriculus and the 



P. Z. S. 1880, 

 p. 144. 



Fig. 1. 



Stomach of Tachyphonus melaleucus, natural size, undisturbed, and viewed from behind. 

 The liver, cesophagus, and small intestine are also partially represented. 



P Z S 1880 commencement of the small intestine, and that a small lateral diverticulum 



p. 144. springing from this zone was also present, representing the true, though 



rudimentary, gizzard. Lund found, as he believed, this state of things 



in three species of Euphonia, whilst the normal type of stomach existed 



* In a pamphlet entitled "De genere Euphones, prsesertim de singular! canalis 

 intestinalis structura in hocce avium genere, autore Dr. Peter Wilhelm Lund," pub- 

 lished at Copenhagen in 1829 (31 pages and 1 plate). 



This pamphlet being rather scarce, I here give Lund's own words : 



" 13 (D. 12). Ubi incipit intestinum tenue, ibi conspicitur in externa superflcie 

 angustse illius zonse, quas locum ventriculi occupare videtur, minima qusedam pro- 

 tuberantia, cui intus respondet levis qusedam impressio. Opaca est parvula haic 

 protuberantia ; quare in parietibus fibras musculosas contineat non dubito ; hoc vero, 



propter minimam ejus molem, decidere vix valebis Ad earn sententiam 



maxime inclmare animam, ut statuam verum esse hoc ventriculi analogon, haud 

 diffiteor. 



" 14. Hsec si vera judicetur cogitandi ratio, referas licet structuram hujus avis 

 ad formam avium generalem ; ita enim habebimus, uti solet, musculosum nostrum 

 organon e late re intestini exortum, interque proventriculum et intestinum ten ue 

 positum ; neque a forma generali avium aberrat haec structura, nisi in eo, quod ad 

 minimum quoddam rudimentum reductus est ventriculus : contra, si zonam illam, de 

 qua mentionem fecimus, angustam pellucidamque, quas inter proventriculum et intes- 

 tinum tenue invenitur, analogon esse ventriculi statuamus, constantes duo maximeque 

 essentiales ventriculi avium characteres subriientur, in inusculosa structura ortuquo 

 laterali positi." 



