ON THE STOMACH IN TANAQERS. 135 



in sixteen other species of Tanagers which he examined. Lund's de- 

 scription has frequently been copied since in various text-books, and his 

 figures at least three times reproduced *. 



Mr. Sclater having called my attention to this subject, I have been 

 able, thanks to the resources of the Prosector's department and to the 

 material afforded by Mr. Salvin, to re-examine this question. I have 

 been able repeatedly to dissect specimens of various species of Euphonia 

 both preserved in spirit and quite fresh. I can fully confirm Lund's 

 description in all points, except as regards the presence of a small lateral 

 diverticulum from the alimentary canal, of which I have never been able 

 to find the slightest trace, though I have always carefully looked for it. 



Fig. 2 will show the structure of this part of the alimentary canal, 

 with the parts as little disturbed as possible, but with the stomach &c. 

 cut open from behind, in a perfectly fresh specimen of Euphonia 

 violacea. As will be seen, between the glandular proventriculus and the 

 villi-covered duodenum a narrow zone is interposed, with its walls in no 

 degree thickened, but thin and membranous, and of rather greater calibre 

 than the adjacent parts, there being no pyloric constriction. Moreover 

 there is none of that approximation of the cardiac and pyloric ends of P. Z.S.I 880, 

 the stomach that obtains in most other birds. There is no trace of p ' 



Fig. 2. 



Stomach of Euphonia violacea. 



A portion of the alimentary canal of Euphonia violacea, twice the natural size, "cut 

 open and seen from behind, to show the proventriculus (p), the narrow zone 

 representing the gizzard (z), and the commencement of the small intestine (sm.i). 

 The liver and spleen are also seen, as is the end of the (Esophagus, which is 

 opened up. 



* Carus and Otto, Tab. Aiiat. Corap. Illustr. 1835, pt. iv. tab. vi. figs. 4, 5; Wagner, 

 Icones Zool. iii. t, xi. figs. 3, 4, Bruhl, Zoot. nller Thierkl. Lief. iii. pi. ix. fig. 13/t. 



