200 



ON THE LATE PROF. GARROD*S CONTRIBUTIONS 



of two entirely different types of plantar arrangement in the so-called 

 Ibis, 1881, " zygodactyle " birds, as well as the fact that this diversity of type 

 P- !5. exactly coincides with the two groups of birds so marked out being 

 respectively " Homalo-" and " Anomalogonatous." Thus, in the Parrots, 

 Cuckoos, and Musophagid, which are all Homalogonatous, possessing (at 

 least typically) the ambiens muscle, the plantar tendons are distributed 

 in exactly the same way as in the common Fowl, the flexor perforans 

 supplying digits II-IY, and the flexor hallucis digit I alone (neglecting 

 the vinculum). In all the Anomalogonatous zygodactyle birds (which all 

 lack the ambiens and accessory femoro-caudal muscles), namely the Picidae, 

 Capitonidse, and their allies, BucconidsB and Galbulidse, an entirely unique 

 arrangement is found ; for in those birds the flexor longus hallucis splits 

 up into three parts, supplying digits II and iv as well as the Tiallux, 

 whilst the flexor perforans digitorum is distributed to the third digit 

 alone. These differences in the two types will be clearly seen by com- 

 paring fig. 8 (Crotophaga sulcirostris) and fig. 9 (Megalcema asiatica}. 



Fig. 8. 



Fig. 9. 



Ibis, 1881, 

 p. 16. 



Foot of Crotophaga sulcirostris. Foot of Megalcema asiatica. 



(From P. Z. S. 1875, p. 346, figs. 7 & 8.) 



VI. The Method of Insertion of the Tensor patagii brevis Muscle. 

 In the patagial membrane of the wing in most birds there are two 

 muscles present, the fleshy bellies of which arise chiefly from the scapular 



