202 ON THE LATE PROF. GARROD's CONTRIBUTIONS 



inserted into the coracoid near the junction of this bone with the sternum, 

 the other into the scapula close to the coraco-scapular articulation. In 

 other cases the tendon may end by joining the coraco-brachialis brevis 

 muscle, so as to appear to be part of that muscle, as in the Fowl and 

 most of the Gallinaceous birds ; or the tendons of the two sides may 

 join in the middle line, as in most of the Anseres ; or other and more 

 complicated arrangements, duly described in the paper above referred to, 

 may obtain. The only Anomalogonatous birds in which this muscle is 

 present are the Coraciidae. A table (1. c. p. 199) records the nature of 

 this muscle in the families of Homalogonatous birds. In many it is 

 quite absent. 



(2) The presence or absence of a biceps slip to the patagium of the 

 wing. 



In many birds there is given off from the anterior margin of the biceps 

 muscle of the arm a distinct and most peculiar muscular slip, which joins 

 the patagial membrane of the wing. Its presence or absence is a very 

 constant character amongst closely allied birds. 



(3) The area of origin of the obturator internus muscle. 



Ibis, 1881, This muscle, arising in the interior of the pelvis, is inserted proximad 

 P' 18 - of the obturator eocternus on the head of the femur. In most birds 

 its shape, as seen in the pelvis, is more or less oval ; but in some, 

 as in the Gallinse and Eails, it is distinctly triangular. Both its character 

 and the presence or absence of a bicipital slip are recorded in the majority 

 of the Avian families, in the table already mentioned in the account of 

 the expansor secundariorum. 



Besides these, a few other myological peculiarities insisted on by Prof. 

 Garrod in various papers may here be named, such as the presence of an 

 additional secondary femoro-caudal muscle in Apteryx, and the presence 

 in it, as well as in the other " Struthious " birds and the Crypturi, of a 

 muscular slip to the accessory femoro-caudal above the exit of the 

 sciatic nerve and artery * ; the occasional complete absence of the semi- 

 membranosus in some of the Grebes t ; and the double condition of the 

 great pectoral muscle in the Storks, Steganopodes, Petrels, and their 

 allies J. 



VIII. The Conformation of the Trachea and Syrinx. 



The curious contortions of the trachea, and other peculiarities of its 

 structure, in various birds, such as the Cranes, Spoonbill, and Ducks, 

 have long been known to ornithologists ; and, as far as concerns this 

 portion of the subject, Prof. Garrod's notes on these structures in various 



* P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 643, 644, fig. 6. 



t P.Z.S. 1873, pp. 629, 642. 



| P. Z. S. 1874, p. 120, and 1876, p. 340. 



