212 



BIRD ANATOMY AND CLASSIFICATION. 



Ibis, 1881, 

 p. 31. 



Ibis, 1881, 

 p. 32. 



Very few exceptions to this rule obtain the Coraciidae, in that they 

 develop an interscapular fork, although in other respects truly Anoina- 

 logonatous, being, perhaps, the most marked one. 



The Homalogonatous nature of the Cuculidse is fully borne out by 

 their pterylosis, the dorsal tract in them dividing between the scapulae. 

 In the Musophagidae the pterylosis above is peculiar, and gives no aid in 

 determining their affinities. The Strigidae, Caprinmlgidoe, and Steatornis 

 are, judged by this criterion, Homalogonatous, although in them the 

 ambiens and accessory femoro-caudal are absent, at the same time that 

 they have caeca and a nude oil-gland. But the very difficult question 

 of the true affinities of these groups was one on which Prof. Grarrod had 

 not finally made up his mind. 



Leaving these three groups aside, the following is the arrangement 

 adopted by Prof. Grarrod of his " subclass " Anomalogonatae : 



PlCIFORMES. 



PASSBRIFORMES. 



OYPSELIPORMES. 



Oil-gland nude. 

 Casca absent. 

 A. 



Macrochires. 



As regards the Homalogonatae, these were divided (P. Z. S. 1874, 

 p. 119 &c.) into four orders, the Gralliformes, Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes, 

 and Charadriiformes, the latter including all the Homalogonatous schizo- 

 rhinal birds. The further subdivisions of these will be found in Prof. 

 Garrod's paper as quoted, and need not be repeated here. 



The Strigidae, there included with the Falconidae amongst the 

 " Ciconiiformes," would almost certainly, in a revised arrangement, have 

 been removed from there and placed elsewhere. The Tubinares, or 

 Petrels and Albatrosses, placed with the "Anseriformes," were found, 

 on further examination, to be far nearer the ' Ciconiiform birds ; and in 

 the unfinished paper on Pelecanoides already alluded to, the reasons for 

 this change were to have been given, the shortness of the caeca and the 

 double great pectoral muscle being two of the facts adduced in favour 

 of it. 



In this imperfect sketch of my lamented friend's ornithological work, 



* P. Z. S. 1878, p. 931. 



t Including the Bamphastinae and Indicator (t. c. p. 935). 



