218 ON THE GENUS CONOPOPHAGA. 



been enabled to confirm Mr. Salvin's discovery, as well as to make some 

 other notes on the structure of this genus. As regards the sternum, it 

 will be seen, from the drawing I now exhibit (p. 217) of that of Carpophaga 

 lineata, to possess, as already stated, four notches, two on each side, on 

 its posterior margin. Both are quite distinct; but the outer one is 

 considerably the larger of the two, running up to near the base of the 

 "costal process." The outer xiphoid process diverges considerably, so 

 that there is a wide space between its termination and that of the internal 

 one. This latter is terminally expanded and closely approximated, 

 internally, to the body of the sternum, with only a very narrow cleft 

 separating the ossified parts there. In other respects the sternum and 

 its appendages are characteristically Passerine, there being a large 

 bifurcated manubrium sterni, and a long, forwardly directed, costal 

 process. The clavicles are well developed, with a large hypodeidium and 

 strongly expanded scapular ends. The carina sterni is well developed. 

 The only other Passerine birds in which the sternum is four-notched are, 

 so far as is yet known, sundry species of Pteroptochidse (Pteroptochus 

 albicollis, the species of Hylactes, and Scytalopus indigoticus). In 

 Pteroptochus albicollis the two notches of each side are more nearly equal 

 in size, and the internal xiphoid process is separated by a considerable 

 interval from the body of the bone. 



As regards the skull, Conopophaga is typically Passerine, not being in 

 the slightest degree schizorhinal, as already stated by Garrod (I. c.). The 

 vomer is broad and bifurcated. The maxillo-palatine processes are fairly 

 long, spongy at the base, and recurved and dilated slightly apically, and 

 do not articulate with the vomer, as is the case (e. g.) in ThamnopJiilus*. 

 The " transpalatine " processes are well developed. In the macerated 

 skull the external nares are divided into an anterior and a posterior 

 opening, by the ossification of the alinasal cartilages. The same is the 

 case in the species of ThamnopJiilus and in many other Passeres. I do 

 not, however, attach much systematic importance to this character, as it 

 P Z S 1881 occurs in Cymbirhyiwhus, and not in Calyptomena, and in Hadrostomus, 

 p. 437. Tityra (just), and Lipaugus, but in none other of the Pipro-Cotingidte. 

 The only Tyrannine bird in which I have observed it is Arundinicola 

 leucocephala. 



From the character of its skull nothing very definite can be predicated 

 of Conopophaga, except that it clearly has no relation to Furnariine 

 forms. In its visceral anatomy, myology, pterylosis, and other characters 

 I have detected no deviation from the ordinary Passerine structure. The 

 typical arrangement of the tensor patagii brevis tendon is somewhat 

 concealed, as in Pteroptochus and Hylactes (cf. Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, 

 p. 510), by the muscular fibres at the origin of the extensor metacarpi 



* Cf. Parker, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 313, pi. Ivii. fig. 9. 



