338 ON THE TRACHEA OF 



P.Z.S. 1882, 59. ON THE CONVOLUTED TRACHEA OF TWO SPECIES 

 OP MANUCODE (MANUCODIA ATRA AND PHONY- 

 GAMA GOULDI); WITH REMARKS ON SIMILAR 

 STRUCTURES IN OTHER BIRDS.* 



THE subcutaneous convolution on the pectoral muscles of the trachea in 

 the Manucodes of the genera (or subgenera) Manucodia and Phony gama, 

 originally described and figured by Lesson in Phonygama keraudreni so 

 long ago as 1826 1, has lately excited considerable attention, Prof. 

 Pavesi $ having shown that a similar structure, though less developed, 

 exists in Manucodia chalybeata, and Dr. Meyer having demonstrated 

 the same for its representative form M. jobiensis. From their figures 

 and observations it is clear : 



1. That the trachea of Phonygama " Jceraudreni " \\ may be convoluted 

 in both sexes, that of the males being most complicated, consisting, when 

 best developed, of a complete spiral of several coils, whilst in younger 

 males, and females, it is reduced to a simple loop with a bend to the 

 right. 



Intermediate forms of all kinds are to be found, as shown by Pavesi's 

 interesting series of figures. 



2. That in Manucodia chalybeata and M. jobiensis the adult males 

 possess a trachea provided with a simple loop, extending about two 

 thirds down the surface of the pectoral muscles. This is apparently 

 absent in the females and young males. 



The specimen, a male, of Manucodia atra, purchased by the Society 

 on March 19, 1881 ^[, having died on March llth inst., I have now been 

 enabled to examine the condition of the trachea in this species also. 

 As will be seen from the drawing I exhibit (figure, p. 339), representing 

 it in situ, it too is convoluted, but to a much smaller extent, only 

 forming a short loop lying on the- interclavicular air-cell, between the 

 rami of the furcula, much as in many specimens of the genus Crax. 

 This quite confirms D'Albertis's description given by Count Salvadori **. 

 In the female the trachea will probably be found to be quite simple. 



* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, pp. 347-353. Eead April 4, 1882. 



t Voyage de la ' Ooquille,' Atlas, pi. xiii. fig. 2. 



\ Ann. Mus. Geneva, vi. pp. 313-324, pi. x., and ix. pp. 66-77- 



Abbildungen Yogel-Skeleten, pi. vii. a, p. 5. 



|| All but one of Pavesi's specimens (fig. 6 of his second paper) are, it is to be 

 observed, really P. gouldi, having been obtained at Cape York 'by D'Albertis. 



^[ On its arrival it was supposed to belong to the species M. viridis (seu chalybeata}, 

 and was noticed as such (P. Z. S. 1881, p. 450). 



** " Non pare che questa specie possegga vere circonvoluzioni externe della trachea, 

 ma, secondo le osservazioni del D'Albertis, i maschi adulti avrebbero soltanto un' ansa 

 piegata ad S nella fossetta della forchetta." Ornitologia della Pupuasia e delle 

 Moluccke, ii. p. 509. 



