196 AIDS TO BACTERIOLOGY 



origin, and to be transmitted by a biting sandfly of the 

 genus Simulium which haunts running streams. 

 Rheumatic Fever is perhaps an acute specific disease 

 (see also p. 133). Various micro-organisms have been 

 isolated, particularly staphylococci and streptococci, and 

 a large bacillus (by Achalme) resembling the B. Welchii. 

 Hewlett believes the bacillus of Achalme to be identical 

 with B. Welchii, and says it is probably a terminal infection 

 or a contamination. 



Cholera Nostras, or English Cholera. Klein found the 

 colon bacillus and Proteus vulgaris to be abundant in the 

 dejecta of patients, and the disease has been attributed 

 to abnormal putrefaction by these and other organisms 

 in the bowel. 



Summer Diarrhoea of Infants. Booker was unable to 

 identify any specific organism, but found the colon bacillus, 

 Proteus vulgaris, and streptococci very abundant. B. 

 dysenteries, is present in a large number of cases. The 

 symptoms of tyrotoxicon poisoning resemble those of 

 cholera infantum. Vaughan, who discovered this body, 

 also obtained toxic bodies from cultures of Booker's 

 bacteria, which produced vomiting, purging, and some- 

 times death in dogs. Sidney Martin has shown that the 

 products of Proteus vulgaris injected into rabbits cause 

 depression of temperature and watery evacuations. 



Scholberg and Mackenzie Wallis (L.G.B. Med. Off. 

 Rep., 1911) found peptones and peptone-like substances 

 of toxic nature in milk in the summer, and in milk that 

 had been incubated at 37 C. for fifteen to twenty- four 

 hours. These substances arise from bacterial activity, 

 and are thought to have some relation to the epidemic 

 diarrhoaa of infants. 



See also Saccharomyces ruber (p. 218) and Morgan's 

 No. 1 bacillus (p. 97). 



Louping 111. The cause of this disease, which is common 

 among Scotch sheep, is unknown. The disease is trans 

 mitted by a tick. 



Hay Fever. Mouneyrat thinks that hay fever is an 

 infection provoked by an unknown micro-organism trans- 

 ported at certain times of the year by dust of the pollen 

 of flowers. 



