SCHOOL COURSES. 29 



different types of insects found visiting flowers, e.g. flies, 

 beetles, wasps, bees, butterflies, moths. 



A beginning should be made with floral lists, such as 



Wayside plants ; 



Plants of shady, damp regions (by shaded streams, 



ditches, woods, etc.) ; 

 Seashore plants ; 

 Moor plants ; 

 Plants of fields ; 

 Marsh plants ; 

 Aquatic plants ; 



and some time should be devoted to noting the special 

 characters of good examples of adaptation to these situa- 

 tions. 



Fruits. What is sought at this stage is not a scientific 

 classification according to structure, but rather a recogni- 

 tion of the different means of dispersal, ensuring the 

 continuance of each species. Hence particular attention 

 should be given to the parts specially adapted for this 

 purpose, e.g. 



Winged fruits and seeds ; 



Seeds jerked from fruit by wind ; 



Explosive fruits scattering seeds ; 



Fruits dispersed by animals, actively and passively. 



A beginning should, however, be made in following the 

 development of the fruit observationally in familiar cases 

 to show its relation to the parts of the flower. G-ood 

 examples for this purpose are G-ooseberry, Strawberry, 

 Buttercup, Bramble, Pea. . 



Leaves. Revision of points made clear in previous 

 course. Study of a typical foliage leaf ; its shape ; surfaces, 

 how lighter below, meaning of surface gloss ; veins ; simple 

 experiments to illustrate the passage of moisture through 

 the leaves, and other leaf functions. Drawings of leaves 



