FROGS AND TOADS. 



85 



girdle is attached to the back-bone. Its peculiarity con- 

 sists in its being placed so far forward on the body, but 

 this position is of very great service in enabling the frog or 

 toad to leap when on land. 



The fore limbs of a toad are short and weak, so are those 

 of the frog. On the other hand, the hind limb is remark- 

 ably long and strong. The length of the hind limb should 

 be measured and compared with the total length of the 

 body. Note that four divisions are recognisable in a toad's 

 hind limb. 



Count these on the resting toad. There is the thigh 

 directed forward, then the leg turned backward. Next 

 downward or forward the very much lengthened ankle, 

 giving much added power to the leap ; lastly there is the 

 foot with its five true toes and an extra nodule on the 

 inner side of the foot termed the "calcar." You will 

 notice that there are no claws upon the fingers or toes of 

 these animals, that the toes are webbed, and that the fourth 

 toe is the longest. 



Take a good look at the toad and then draw it from 

 memory. 



Make a tabular comparison between frog and toad. 



TOAD. 



FROG. 



Body plump, hump not promi- 

 nent. 



Skin warty. 



Glands, large, on body, irritant 

 (producing "phrynin"). 



Toothless. 



Web of hind foot slight. 



Largely terrestrial in adult 

 state. 



Spawn in a slender gelatinous 

 cord, which swells in the 

 water. 



Tadpoles black. 



Body less plump, hump is 

 prominent. 



Skin smooth in comparison. 



Glands small, only slightly irri- 

 tant. 



Teeth in upper jaw and in roof 

 of mouth. 



Web of hind foot marked. 



Frequents *wetter places than 

 toad. 



Spawn not in a cord but in 

 irregular masses. 



Tadpoles brownish with small 

 golden specks. 



