240 



STUDY OF FRUITS AND SEEDS. 



fruit with its parachute-like pappus. With these might 

 be classed the seeds of Willow or of the Willow herb, which 

 are also floated by means of a tuft of hair. Cotton seeds, 

 it may be noted, are covered with hair, which grows to a 

 considerable length and which constitutes the cotton of 

 commerce. 



Wing-like expansion of Seeds or Fruits. 



Pine-tree seeds are borne on the wind by a lateral mem- 

 branous wing. Pupils should extract these winged seeds 

 from ripe pine cones (Fig. 113). 



FRUITS 



SEED 



* TESTA 

 -ENDOSPERM 

 -COTYLEDONS 



--RADICLE 

 B 



Fig. 113. A, Seeds of Pine upon 

 scale (Placenta). B, Section of 

 seed showing young plant. 



Fig. 114. Fruit of Lime with 

 adherent bract. 



Winged fruits occur upon the Ash, Sycamore, Elm, 

 Birch (Figs. 105 B, 111, 112). All of these should be 



