340 



GLOSSARY. 



bulb : a reduced underground 

 shoot whose leaves are thick 

 and fleshy with stored food. 



calcar : a small nodule occurring 

 on the inner side of the hind 

 foot of frogs and toads. 



calyx : the outer whorl of a 

 flower, viz. the sepals. 



cambium : the layer between 

 the wood and bast in which 

 growth resulting in increase 

 in thickness of stems and 

 roots takes place. 



capsule : a dry fruit opening 

 when ripe to allow of the 

 escape of seeds. 



carina : a keel ; applied to the 

 ridge upon the breastbone of 

 a flying bird. Also to the an- 

 terior petals in a papiliona- 

 ceous flower. 



carpel : the part of the flower in 

 which the ovules develop (see 

 ovary). 



catkin : a close -set, more or 

 less elongated inflorescence in 

 which the flowers are uni- 

 sexual. 



cell : the unit of living matter, 

 plant or animal. It consists 

 of at least a nucleus and sur- 

 rounding plasma. 



chalaza : the thickened cords of 

 albumen to be seen in a fowl's 



egg- 

 chlorophyll .: the green colouring 



matter in plants, 

 chloroplast : the small proto- 

 plasmic bodies in plants con- 

 taining chlorophyll, 

 chrysalis : the stage between 

 larva and adult in lepidop- 

 terous insects in which meta- 

 morphosis takes place, 

 cocoon : the case of silky hairs 

 which encloses the pupa of 

 many insects. Also applied 



to the cases in which the eggs 

 of spiders and other inverte- 

 brates are enclosed. 



conidia : non-sexual reproduc- 

 tive bodies occurring in cer- 

 tain moulds. 



Coniferae : cone-bearing trees. 



cork : an impermeable tissue 

 arising under the epidermis in 

 stems and roots. 



corm : a reduced swollen under- 

 ground stem containing food 

 reserves. 



corolla : the inner whorl of floral 

 parts, next to the calyx 

 usually coloured, the petals 

 (see perianth). 



cortex : the layer of tissue in a 

 stem immediately below the 

 epidermis. 



corymb : a flat-topped inflores- 

 cence, in which the individual 

 flower-stalks arise at different 

 levels (contrast umbel). 



cotyledon : the leaf or leaves of 

 the embryo within the seed. 



Crustacea : a class of Arthropod 

 animals, almost entirely aqua- 

 tic, whose cuticles contain 

 carbonate of lime and which 

 have thus a hard shell-like 

 exterior. 



cuneate : wedge-shaped. 



cupule : a cluster of bracts (in- 

 volucre) united to form a 

 kind of cup investing certain 

 fruits, e.g. acorn. 



cuticle : a layer secreted upon 

 the outside of epidermal cells. 



decussate : an arrangement of 

 leaves in pairs crossed at right 

 angles to each other. 



dicotyledon : having two embry- 

 onic or seed leaves. 



drupe : a fleshy fruit whose in- 

 nermost layer (endocarp) is 

 hard and stony. 



