194 THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRITISH FORESTRY 



quantities of seed, but seldom enough to meet the 

 requirements of nurserymen, and most of these seeds are 

 imported. In the south of England, Spanish chestnut is 

 usually a good seed bearer in certain seasons, and the 

 same may be stated of walnut, Rohinia, and a few other 

 species of minor importance. 



2. Adajytahility for transpla/iiting, sowing in situ, or 

 natural regeneration. 



The ease with which a tree can be established upon the 

 site of a plantation is an important factor in cheap 

 timber production. With expensive planting methods, 

 or the necessity for filling up numerous blanks, perhaps 

 two or three years in succession, the cost of planting 

 increases rapidly, and from 30 to 100 per cent, on the 

 original expense may be incurred before the crop can be 

 considered satisfactorily established. While an average 

 outla}^ of £3 for plants, and £1 for planting, may be 

 expected with good transplanters, difficult species may 

 necessitate an expenditure of £6 to £8 at the least, 

 according to the season and number per acre planted. 

 This probably means a total cost of over £10 per acre, 

 and few species can be profitable at that figure on a long 

 rotation. The easiest of all trees to transplant safely 

 are spruce, Scots pine, Douglas fir, and larch, amongst 

 conifers, provided they are not more than one to two 

 feet in height, and have been properly treated in the 

 nursery. Easily transplanted broad-leaved trees are 

 poplar, willow, alder, birch, ash, sj'camore, etc., while 

 broad-leaved trees in general give comparatively little 

 trouble as compared with many species of conifers. 



The most difficult transplanters amongst ordinal}^ 

 species are probably maritime and Corsican pines, but 

 reference is made elsewhere to the necessity for special 

 precautions being taken with these trees. 



Species which can be sown in situ on soils and situa- 



